1. New Human Computer Interfaces Amnon Dekel HUJI – CSE, Spring 2007 Class 3 March14 2007

2. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 20072 On the Menu Homework review Electronics and Circuits Introduction to the OpenBoard microcontroller System –Hello World –Digital Output Program and circuit –Digital Input Program and circuit

3. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 20073 Homework Review Project Folio –Description and architecture –Parts Needed: Research the parts you will need to make it happen –Psuedocode Create a Project WIKI page with the Project Folio

4. A bit about Electronics

5. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 20075 Electronics Today: –Basic Concepts Voltage Current Resistance –From idea to circuit: Circuit SymbolsSymbols the Prototyping Board Meters and Continuity –Some Basic Circuits Switches (for Control) Digital Output (for Effect)

6. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 20076 Voltage and Current Voltage and Current are vital to understanding electronics, but they are quite hard to grasp because we can't see them directly.

7. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 20077 Voltage and Current Voltage is the Cause, Current is the Effect –Voltage attempts to make a current flow, and current will flow if the circuit is complete. –Voltage is sometimes described as the 'push' or 'force' of the electricity, it isn't really a force but this may help you to imagine what is happening. It is possible to have voltage without current, but current cannot flow without voltage.

8. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 20078 Voltage and Current Voltage and Current The switch is closed making a complete circuit so current can flow.

9. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 20079 Voltage and Current Voltage but No Current The switch is open so the circuit is broken and current cannot flow.

10. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200710 Voltage and Current No Voltage and No Current Without the cell there is no source of voltage so current cannot flow.

11. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200711 Voltage, V Voltage is a measure of the energy carried by the charge. Voltage is supplied by the battery (or power supply). Voltage is used up in components, but not in wires. Voltage is measured in volts, V. You may find it helpful to think of voltage like height in geography. –The zero volts in an electronic circuit is like the sea level in geography.

12. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200712 Current, I Current is the rate of flow of charge. Current is not used up, what flows into a component must flow out. Current is measured in amps (amperes), A. The symbol I is used for current in equations. (Intensity of current )

13. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200713 Resistance Resistance is the property of a component which restricts the flow of electric current. Energy is used up as the voltage across the component drives the current through it and this energy appears as heat in the component. Resistance is measured in ohms, the symbol for ohm is an omega. Resistors used in electronics can have resistances as low as 0.1 Ohms or as high as 10 M Ohms.

14. The Prototyping “Bread” Board

15. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200715 The Prototyping Board Allows you to build circuits without needing to solder anything together. Makes it easy to test and change a circuit quickly.

16. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200716 How to use the Prototyping Board Two TOP and BOTTOM rows are connected Horizontally Two inner rows: Connected Vertically

17. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200717 Setting up Power

18. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200718 Setting up Power Is this circuit complete?

19. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200719 Setting up Power Now it is. But is it usable?

20. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200720 Setting up Power Now it is- we can add elements into the central areas to create a working circuit

21. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200721 Building Circuits We will build a simple LED circuit

22. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200722 Building Circuits 1.connect the power to the central circuit area

23. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200723 Building Circuits 2.Add the first element (a protective resistor)

24. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200724 Building Circuits 3.Add the LED

25. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200725 Building Circuits 4.Finish the circuit- connect to the – (GND)

26. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200726 Building Circuits If all is Well- enjoy the light!

27. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200727 Building Circuits Hmm… But what if it doesn’t work? Ideas?

28. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200728 Building Circuits Hmm… But what if it doesn’t work? Ideas? –Maybe the wires are not in the correct place (the circuit is not wired properly) –Maybe there is a bad wire in there somewhere –Maybe the LED is burned –Maybe the battery is dead

29. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200729 Building Circuits How do we check these things? –Circuit –Wires –Components –Power

30. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200730 Building Circuits To check wires and the circuit: we want to check for CONTINUITY –This means checking that electricity flows all the way through the circuit. –If it is disrupted somehow- there will be no continuity. OK- but how do we check this?

31. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200731 Multi-Meter Meet the Multi-Meter: Analog Digital

32. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200732 Checking for Continuity To check for Continuity, set the meter to test Resistance (the Omega symbol) Now touch both ends (Red and Black) to each other. What do you get?

33. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200733 Checking for Continuity Some Multi-Meters have a Continuity Check mode. –In this case, touching the leads will give you an audible beep. –This is good because you don’t need to look at the meter, just listen: continuity: Beep No continuity: No Beep

34. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200734 Checking for Continuity If any of the elements in the circuit are broken, there will be no continuity!

35. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200735 Procedure for Checking for Continuity 1. Check both ends of the circuit 2. No continuity? a. Check one half of the circuit. 1.Good Continuity? »The problem is in the other half of the circuit 2. Bad continuity? »continue checking this half of the circuit until you zero in on the culprit (simply do the same procedure from this point downwards, each time checking the remaining 2 halves of the circuit until you reach a point where you find the problem)

36. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200736 Some Circuits Now that we know how to build simple circuits with the Prototyping Board, we will look at a few simple circuits –A Buzzer –A Beeper

37. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200737 A Buzzer Remind you of something? Bzzzzzzzzz

38. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200738 A Beeper Remind you of something? Beeeeeeep

39. Introduction to the Arduino microcontroller System

40. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200740 The Arduino System Hardware: –MCU –USB Cable Software –Arduino IDE

41. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200741 The Arduino System http://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/Board

42. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200742 The Arduino System Basic Setup: PC Serial Connection (Also supplies Power) MCU Arduino IDE

43. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200743 The Arduino System Basic Setup: PC Serial Connection MCU 9V Power + - Arduino IDE

44. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200744 The Arduino System Basic Setup: PC Serial Connection MCU 9V Power + - Arduino IDE WARNING: NEVER connect or Disconnect The Programmer To the MCU When the MCU is ON ALWAYS TURN THE MCU OFF BEFORE HAND

45. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200745 The Arduino System Software IDE Win, Mac, Linux http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software

46. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200746 The Arduino System Software Setup –Have JAVA installed on the machine –Download and install the IDE Win MacOSX-PPC, MacOSX-IntelMacOSX-PPCMacOSX-Intel Linux –Check what Port is assigned to the USB Serial Port on your PC (COM4, 5, 7…) –The EnvironmentEnvironment –How To (Windows, Mac OS X, Linux): step-by-step instructions on getting your first Arduino program working.WindowsMac OS XLinux

47. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200747 The Arduino System Class Workshop: –Get an Arduino board and cable –Download the Arduino environment –Install the USB drivers –Connect the board –Connect an LED –Run the Arduino environment –Upload a program –Look for the blinking LED See Instructions: http://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/Windowshttp://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/Windows

48. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200748 The Arduino System Digital OUTPUT http://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/BlinkingLED

49. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200749 The Arduino System Digital INPUT –Lets create a circuit with a Switch http://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/Pushbutton

50. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 200750 Homework Create a reactive system: –Input creates output – be creative Move forward with your projects: Design Hardware Programming