1. NR 322: Raster Analysis II Jim Graham Fall 2008 Chapter 7

2. Cost Distance CostAllocation CostBackLink CostDistance Costhpath PathDistance

3. Types of functions Local –Operate on one pixel in each raster Neighborhood (or Focal) –Operate on a few pixels around each pixel Zonal –Collection of regions –Region is a contiguous area of the same pixel values Global –Operate on the “whole” raster

4. Neighborhood (or Focal) Result=Operation on pixels nearby 1220233440 1523303139 1522293040 1420282938 1319253237 Columns Rows

5. Focal FocalMax(,CIRCLE, ) FocalMin((,CIRCLE, ) FocalMean((,CIRCLE, )

6. Zonal Statistics

7. Raster Statistics

8. Histograms

9. Raster Statistics

10. Reclassify

11. Statistics in Reclassify

12. Nice Spatial Analyst Tutorial http://www.gis.unbc.ca/help/software/esri /Tutorials/Using_ArcGIS_Spatial_Analyst _Tutorial.pdf

13. New Path!

14. Minimum Cost Path

16. Create a “Cost Distance” raster –Each pixel contains the cost of “moving through” that pixel Create a “Cost Weighted” raster –Each pixel cotnains the cost to move from that pixel to a destination (or from a source) Create a “Cost Direction” raster –Each pixel contains the direction to move to get to the destination (or source) with the least cost Find the path from a source to a destination

17. Cost Rasters What is the cost of covering ground? Slope Surface type: Swamp vs. Highway Others… –Distance to forage… –Distance to predator hide… –Cost to put a path across the pixel… Cost of creating a path: –MinimumCost + Slope ^ Exponent

18. Cost Raster

19. Cost Weighted

20. Straight Line Distance

21. Cost Distance

22. Direction Raster

23. Pixel Directions 1220233440 1523303139 1522293040 1420282938 1319253237

24. Shortest Path

25. View-shed

26. View from Estes Park

27. View from Ridge

28. Generalization

29. First law of Geography Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things TOBLER, W. R. (1970). "A computer movie simulating urban growth in the Detroit region". Economic Geography, 46(2): 234-240.

30. Vector (Points) to Rater IDW Kriging Splines

31. Rater Modeler