1. Hardware Design Experiences in ZebraNet [ZSLM04] - Princeton University Sensys ‘04 Presented By: Jay Taneja

2. Mpala Research Centre Application: Animal Tracking - Use collars with GPS to take periodic readings in order to support biologists monitoring the walking patterns of zebras in Kenya

3. ZebraNet Design Space Mobile Sensor System Sparse Network Coverage High Energy Sensors (GPS) ZebraNet is unlike any other deployment, requiring custom hardware and software

4. Goals for ZebraNet Three Primary Goals Collect detailed, accurate position logs of each zebra Have a high data recovery rate (Redwoods?) Autonomous Operation Moo.

5. Hardware Evolution

6. Another Important Evolution Change of  -controller Lower power usage (switching clocks) 750 mA-hr/day, 20 MHz Hitachi SH1 too greedy TI MSP430F149 allows multiple clocks (32 KHz, 8 MHz) Ease of software development (16-bit) Ability to have 100% duty cycle 32 KHz clock consumes 0.05 mA more than sleep

7. Important Features Nodes obtain GPS reading every 8 minutes GPS can sync to global clock allowing for efficient TDMA scheme Nodes attempt to send information over radio (multi-hop) every 2 hours All data logged to onboard flash (local as well as received - latency, shmlatency)

8. % of Successful Receive vs. Distance No spell check on figures

9. Solar Power Analysis

10. A Thousand Words

11. GPS Data for 1 Zebra Over 24 Hours

12. Conclusions Hardware choice worked very well for sparse node-to-node communication Simplicity of software environment dictated  -controller choice Details matter in WSN power management