1. Nurturing the Entrepreneurial Culture in Higher Education Zainai B Mohamed Presented at “Seminar on Entrepreneurship in Higher Education : Issues, Values and Challenges” 13 December 2011

2. Notes To define: – Entrepreneurial : any action that is not strictly conventional but with new and improved form or substances or both. Multiple intelligence (originated by Dr Howard Gardner, 1983): – Observe 8 to 10 qualities that reflect the importance of entrepreneurial values.

3. To discuss entrepreneurship… Behavioral characteristics and people mindsets Education and educational issues Culture in action

4. About Entrepreneurship It is people behavioral characteristic (i.e. employees and members of management of an organisation) Set of quality & values: task and result (achievement) orientated, brave to take calculated risks and to create opportunities, independence and confidence but teamwork, high degree of innovation and tolerance of ambiguity (& failure), persistent and patient, etc.

5. Entrepreneurship Value ‘Creating material wealth is only one expression of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship isn’t a business. It is an attitude to engaging the world – a process of cultural innovation’ (Cherwitz, 2002) e.g. the capacity to manage entrepreneurial organisation through processes of start up, growth and sustained (to national & international interest)

6. Entrepreneurship Value Its essence lies in creating and exploiting opportunities; pursuing innovation in practice It is not just the business plan concept but risk- taker Evaluate leadership as a function of entrepreneurship => entrepreneurial leadership Reflects a high degree of tolerance for failure

7. Entrepreneurship Education (EE) Inculcates – Task and results or achievement orientated – Brave to take calculated risks and to create opportunities – Confidence and independence but teamwork – Have high degree of innovation and tolerance towards failure/ambiguity

8. Entrepreneurship Education (EE) Educational pre-requisites – Student-centered learning (SCL) – Active learners and empowering learning – Experiential learning; learning by doing – Contextual training – Lecturer as facilitator and coach

9. Contextual, Exposure and Training - Delivery Mechanism POBL/PBL, Case study and group work focused POBL/PBL: clarifies three basic related issues – Understanding the nature of problems (Observations – behavior & character, listen with empathy, questioning, recording) – Critically analyse (compare & contrast) the observations made about the problems (creativity) – Suggestion for improvement (Innovation & Calculated risk taking) POBL/PBL is contextual and transformational

10. Contextual Training… Basic questions to develop capability of young entrepreneurs, hence entrepreneurship quality: – What (observe & collect data of existing status) – Why (analyse & understand the reasons) – How (create & innovate for new solutions) Expose to different educational experiences – On technology competencies: To access, evaluate, process & communicate of information

11. Built on outcome based education (OBE) Empower student learning (enhancing active learner); lecturer acts as coach Entrepreneurship education (EE) based on concepts of experiential learning; more on learning by doing UMK practices - EE as fundamental and foundation to all curriculum => hence the tagline “Entrepreneurship is Our Thrust” At UMK: “learning more with less” Educational Philosophy that Enhances Entrepreneurship

12. UMK Entrepreneurship Education Prepares new generation of human capital who – Stands out well in multi-cultural environment & inter-disciplinary approaches (contextual leader) – Able to create and build something from nothing (innovator) – Has initiative, doing, achieving and building an organisation or enterprise (opportunities creator) – Getting odds in their favour (calculated risk-taker)

13. UMK Vision & Philosophy Vision: Championing human capital development with entrepreneurial qualities for global prosperity (Peneraju pembangunan modal insan bercirikan keusahawanan bagi kesejahteraan global) The philosophy & taglines: – “ENTREPRENEURIAL UNIVERSITY” and “ENTREPRENEURSHIP IS OUR THRUST” Hence … Entrepreneurship Education

14. Entrepreneurial Leadership Individual characteristics or behaviours that deals with realisation of concepts and ideas – Includes vision, problem solving, decision-making, risk taking and strategic initiatives Entrepreneurs takes advantage of opportunities to acquire added value Contextual and transformational leadership quality

15. Entrepreneurial in Action Do more with less: – Innovative & creative – Resources : man, money & machine – Satisfying diversity of stakeholders Learning by doing => Practice oriented, experiential learning: – Immerse into environment – Simulation – Practices

16. Entrepreneurial in Action Entrepreneurial activity is recognised as a driver of wealth creation as it leverages “innovation” and breaks the “dominant logic” of competition within an industry (Prahalad & Richard, 1986) and community. It is also true for one who adds value to existing practices “The future belongs to those whose goals is to turn vision into success” (Barry Hull, 2004).

17. Concluding Remarks Improved understanding of philosophy and definition Emphasise on achievement orientated in all activities – an acceptable result and evidence confirms effectiveness – Opportunity creators – Casting the culture and the future Recognising two prominent tracks of entrepreneurship: – Business (bottom line!) – Social (value to community!)

18. Thank you …. for the attention Zainai, December 2011