1. Information Skills for Research in Earth Sciences Sue Bird Bodleian Subject Librarian Earth Sciences October 2010

2. This session How to do subject searches for journal articles, conference papers, book chapters etc How to cite sources correctly & therefore avoid plagiarism How to use Reference Management Software

3. Subject searching SOLO, OLIS and Oxford e-journals cover Oxford holdings only by title Better to use specialist indexes covering the world’s literature to find articles Access via OxLIP+ Use inter-library loan for items not held in Oxford and not online

4. SOLO : Search Oxford Libraries Online Search and discovery tool for the Oxford Libraries' vast collections of resources Mainly OLIS (Oxford's union catalogue of printed and electronic books and journals) Title link over 1,000 databases on OxLIP+

8. Major sources Today we cover: GeoRef Web of Knowledge SCOPUS Google Scholar Many others available: see OxLIP+

9. Going home These are mostly subscription databases Only available on Oxford network Outside Oxford, login using your SSO – Single Sign On – username and password (as for Nexus e-mail)

10. Glossary Bibliographic Database= an indexed source of citations of journal articles (Use these to search for content, e.g. book chapters and journal articles ) Library Catalogue= a list of books, journals, maps, records, etc. held in the library and arranged in a systematic manner (Use this to search for a book or journal, once you know the title of the journal or the author or title of a book)

11. Bibliographic databases Excellent for locating journal articles, book chapters and book reviews (NB. References only, NOT necessarily [though increasingly] full text) General or Subject specific coverage Different interfaces but similar functionality Not tied to library holdings Some will provide a link to full text

12. Bib. databases - Interdisciplinary Web of Knowledge (http://wok.mimas.ac.uk)  Web of Science covers journals in all subject areas  Citation searching Scopus (http://www.scopus.com/home.url)  Provides an alternative to WOK for cross- disciplinary search and citation searching; incorporates Geobase

13. Relevant Subject Databases  GeoRef (for geology)  Available on OvidSP Gateway software ( Also available via OxLIP+ are:- Treatise on Geochemistry (all 9 volumes) Key 17th, 18th to 19th century geological literature

14. Search strategy Ask a clear search question What role does ocean circulation play in Pleistocene climate change? Break the question into search concepts Pleistocene climate, ocean circulation, climate change Combine terms into a search strategy using Boolean connectors Find more terms from retrieved records whilst you are searching

15. Boolean connectors: AND, OR, NOT AND to narrow the search OR to broaden the search (synonyms) NOT excludes search terms

17. Other tricks: Use symbols for wildcards and truncation  ? or $ for a single character  pal?eo / pal$eo will find paleo or palaeo  * for truncation or variant spellings  volcan* for volcanism, volcanic, volcano, etc use quotation marks for searching for phrases e.g. “plate tectonics”

18. Sample search “What role does ocean circulation play in Pleistocene climate change?” AND =narrows OR =widens Search string could be “climate change” AND “Pleistocene” AND “ocean circulation”

19. Thinking outside the box Pleistocene OR Quaternary (but not Holocene) “ocean circulation” as a phrase OR ocean circulation as 2 separate terms climate change OR climatic changes OR global warming should we include pal(a)eoclimatology? Different combinations will give different results – you need to try them all

20. GEOREF THE database for Earth Scientists

30. Keeping track of your references Make sure you keep a systematic listing of your references, so you can find them again when you need them A simple listing in Word should be fine, but if you have a large number of references, software like RefWorks (free) or EndNote (£90 from OUCS) can be very helpful. Most databases allow you to export references directly to RefWorks or EndNote.

31. Reference Management Software Organize your research and manage your database of references Include citations while you write your paper Build a bibliography in a variety of formats Import references from many different data sources Create bibliographies in different document formats (Word, RTF, HTML, etc.)

32. RefWorks http://www.ouls.ox.ac.uk/eresources/refworks Refworks is a free (whilst you are at Oxford) web- based bibliographic software package. You now have ‘alumni’ access after you leave! Being web-based means no software to download and update, and you can access your personal account from any computer connected to the web. Courses laid on by the Computing Services (http://www.oucs.ox.ac.uk)http://www.oucs.ox.ac.uk

37. Google Can’t get away from it Google is an index of web pages A journal article is not a web page So Google is not good at finding journal articles However: An image of a journal article may be placed on a web page So Google may find it If it’s free and not behind a firewall

41. Databases vs. Search engines Contents are indexed by subject specialists Subject headings Limiting functions e.g. publication types, language Allow you to View Search history Combine searches Mark and sort results Print/save/email/export Save searches Set up alerts Searches done by automated “web crawlers” No thesaurus / subject headings – just free text searching No limiting functions Usually none of these!

42. Google Scholar Has links to many, but not all, journal publishers & in any case Oxford may not subscribe to the title So not all journals can be found through GS Records can only be selected singly But quick route to full text when relevant article found

43. Interdisciplinary Databases Web of Science (also known as Web of Knowledge) SCOPUS (includes GeoBase – for Earth Sciences)

52. SCOPUS

56. IT PAYS TO LOOK IN MORE THAN 1 PLACE ! Search Strategy: “ocean circulation” + Pleistocene + (climate OR warming) Date range: 2008-2010 GEOREF: 76 Web of Science: 29 Scopus: 13 Refworks (after deduplication): 113 !!!

57. Getting your hands on full- text Is there a link to full text from the database? Is the journal available electronically in Oxford? Check Oxford e-Journals (http://ejournals.bodleian.ox.ac.uk ) Is there a print copy in an Oxford library? - Check SOLO (http://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk) If not, try Inter-Library Loan via Earth Sciences Library or RSL - Default means of delivery is SED = Secure Electronic Delivery i.e. e-mail attachment

58. Citing your references An article in an online journal which also exists in print should be cited in the same way as print To cite something which only exists electronically, e.g. a web site, follow special rules which include the date viewed A specific quote must include the page reference in the citation. Also any number of style manuals:- The complete guide to referencing and avoiding plagiarism /Colin Neville. 2007 RSL LB 2369 NEV Cite them right : the essential referencing guide / Richard Pears and Graham Shields. 2010 RSL LB 2369 PEA

59. Avoid plagiarism Easy to copy and paste paragraphs and make it look like your own work Heavy penalties if caught! Make sure you always give correct citation See: http://www.jiscpas.ac.uk/referencing.php

60. These slides are available on http://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/science/training

61. Any questions in the future, contact your subject librarians: Elizabeth.Crowley@earth.ox.ac.uk Sue.Bird@bodleian.ox.ac.uk