1. Spars and derricks
Capt. K. De Baere

2. Spars
Rondhouten
Espars

3. Spars - definition
Metal construction (cylindrical or square) to support cargo handling gear, navigation lights, radio antennas, flags and sails etc.
Samson posts (mâtereau) – light construction often used to support radar or radio antennas, deck lightening also used as ventilation shaft
Derrick posts (mât) – Heavier construction used to support the derricks
Derrick (mât de charge)

4. Older ship

5. Rondhouten - Espars Fokkemast – mât de misaine
Fokkesteng – mât de hune
Grote mast – grand mât
Grote steng – grand mât de hune
Laadpalen – mât ou mâtereau
Laadboom – mât de charge
Gaffel – corne de vergue
Vlaggestok – mât de pavillon
Guesstok – mât de pavillon d’étrave

6. Staand tuig – Le gréement dormant
Voorstag – l’étais de misaine
Voorstengstag –l’étais de petit mât de hune
Fokkewant – les manœuvres dormantes du mât de misaine
Voorstengpardoen – galhauban(s)
Grootstag – l’étais du grand mât
Grootsteng gestag – l’étais du petit mât de hune
Grootwant – les manœuvres dormantes du grand mât
Grootstengpardoen – galhauban
Achterstag – hauban
Knikstag
Schoorsteenstagen – les étais de la cheminée

7. Terminology ? – I think we are lucky

8. Lopend tuig – le gréement courant
Boomhangers – martinets
Antenne – l’antenne
Vlaggelijnen - drisses

9. Idem dito !

10. Spars on a more modern coaster
Kraanmast – pedestal + slewing bearing + crane house
Radarmast and Christmastree
Vlaggestok - flagstaff
Geusstok – jack staff
Fokkemast – foremast
Kraanarmmik – jib support

11. Masts (mât) and Samson (mâtereau) posts
On modern shipping very little standing rigging (gréement dormant) is used to keep the decks as free as possible
Masts on general cargo ships are a lot heavier than on passenger ships or tankers
Masts are self supporting and are passing through upper- and tweendecks

12. Parts of a modern mast – passing through several decks
Mastkloot
Pomme de mât
Steng
Le mât de hune
Zadel
Cross tree
Ondermast
Bas-mât

13. Parts of a modern mast
Cross tree also serves as crow’s nest (nid de pie)
Cross tree is used to fix the mast head span blocks (poulie de martinet)
On a certain height above deck derrick supports are provided (to make the derricks sea fast)
Mast, samson posts, derrick supports are often combined with ventilation shafts, deckhouses (des roufs) and entrances to the cargo holds (cales) beneath

14. Square mast – not supported
Samson posts (mâtereau)
Ventilation shaft (conduit de ventilation) also used as derrick support
Heavy lift derrick (boom) (grosse bigue)
Sea position of the derricks

15. Derrick - definition
A derrick is a lifting device composed of one mast or pole which is hinged freely at the bottom. It is controlled by (usually 4) lines powered by some such means as man-hauling or motors, so that the pole can move in all 4 directions. A line runs up it and over its top with a hook on the end,
The device was named after Thomas Derrick, an English executioner (beul – bourreau) from the Elizabethan era because of its resemblance of the frame from which a hangman's noose (strop – corde) hangs.

16. Heel fitting + gooseneck trunnion Derrick head
Mast head span eye fitting
Mast head span block
Span rope
Monkey face
Span chain
Topping lift
Snatch block
(k-l-m-r) clew lines – Slewing guy
Cargo runner
Load hook

17. Derrick
Heel fitting + gooseneck trunnion
Derrick head
Mast head span eye fitting
Mast head span block
Topping lift – span rope
Monkey face
Span chain
Topping rope
Snatch block
(k-l-m-r) clew lines – Slewing guy
Cargo block
Heel lead block
Cargo runner
Load hook
Laadboom
Lummelpot met lummel
Nok van de boom
Hangeroog aan de mast
Hangerblok
Hanger
Walmplaat
Hangerketting
Boomtopper
Voetblok
(k-l-m-r) boomgeien
Cargo blok
Rammelblok
Laadreep
Laadhaak

18. Derrick
Heel fitting + gooesneck trunnion
Derrick head
Mast head span eye fitting
Mast head span block
Topping lift – span rope
Monkey face
Span chain
Topping rope
Snatch block
(k-l-m-r) clew lines – Slewing guy
Cargo block
Heel lead block
Cargo runner
Load hook
Mât ou corne de charge
Ferrement de pivot de pied de corne
Tête de corne
Support de poulie de retour
Poulie de retour ou poulie de martinet
Palan de suspente - martinet
Trèfle ou pallonier
Chaine d’apiquage
Cable d’apiquage
Poulie de retour
(k-l-m-r) pantoires de brassage
Poulie de levage
Cartahu – câble de levage
Crochet de levage

20. Légende de la figure Mât de charge ou corne de charge Crapaudine
Poulie de retour
Mâterau
Poulie de martinet
Martinet
Maille d’assemblage
Chaîne de martinet
Queue de martinet
Polie de retour
Palan de garde
Poulie de charge
Cartahu
Crochet de charge
Treuil de charge

21. Legende van de figuur Laadboom Lummel Voetblok of rammelblok Mast
Hangerblok
Hanger
Walmplaat
Hangerketting
Boomtopper
Voetblok
Boomgeien
Laadblok
Laadreep
Laadhaak
Laadlier

22. Twin span derrick for heavy loads – Mât de charge à deux palans d’apiquage pour charges lourdes

23. Twin span derrick for heavy loads – Mât de charge à deux palans d’apiquage pour charges lourdes
Portal mast, mât portique
Cross tree (or upper transverse beam), hunc (ou traverse supérieure). 
Mast head cargo lead block bearing bracket, support de marionnette de poulie de retour de levage en tête de mât.
Mast head span bearing bracket, support de marionnette d’apiquage en tête de mât.
Mast head span lead block bearing bracket, support de marionnette de poulie de retour d’apiquage en tête de mât.
King post, mâtereau support de bigue.
Heavy derrick boom, bigue.
Derrick head span fitting, ferrement d’attache des palans d’apiquage en tête dc bigue.
Derrick head cargo fitting, ferrement d’attache du palan de levage en tête de bigue.

24. Twin span derrick for heavy loads – Mât de charge à deux palans d’apiquage pour charges lourdes
Derrick heel fitting, ferrement de pied de bigue.
Gooseneck trunnion, pivot dc pied dc bigue.
Cargo winch, treuil de levage (ou treuil de charge).
Cargo runner (or cargo rope, or hoisting rope, or lifting rope, or cargo fall), câble de levage, (ou câble de hissage, ou cartahu, ou garant de charge).
Mast head cargo lead block, poulie de retour de levage en tête de mât.
Cargo lead block trunnion, marionnette de poulie de retour de levage.
derrick head built in sheave, réa incorporé en tête de bigue
Shackles, manilles
upper cargo (purchase) block (or derrick head cargo (purchase) block), poulie haute de levage (ou moufle supérieure de levage (ou moufle) supérieure de levage)
Lower cargo block (or lower cargo purchase block), poulie basse de levage (ou moufle inférieure de levage).

25. Twin span derrick for heavy loads – Mât de charge à deux palans d’apiquage pour charges lourdes
Becket, ringot.
Ramshorn hook, crochet double.
Cargo tackle, palan de levage.
Span winches (used also for slewing motions), treuils d’apiquage (utilisés également pour les mouvements de brassage).
Span ropes, câbles d’apiquage.
Mast head span lead block, poulie de retour d’apiquage en tête de mât
Span lead block trunnion, marionnette de poulie de retour d’apiquage.
Derrick head span (purchase) block (or lower span (purchase) block), poulie (ou moufle) d’apiquageen tête dc bigue (ou poulie basse d’apiquage, ou muoufle inférieure d’apiquage).
Span triangle plate. trèfle (ou palonnier) d’apiquage.
swivel, émerillon

26. Twin span derrick for heavy loads – Mât de charge à deux palans d’apiquage pour charges lourdes
Span block trunnion, marionnette d’apiquage.
Double connecting fork, chape double de liason
Mast head span (purchase) block (or upper span (purchase) block), poulie (ou moufle) d’apiquage en tête de mât (ou poulie basse d’apiquage ou mofle supérieure d’apiquage ).
Span/slewing tackles, palans d’apiquage/brassage

27. Derricks - details Derricks are constructed out of Mannesman tubes
Mannesman tubes have a larger diameter in the middle
The bending moment (contrainte de flexion)is the greatest in the middle

28. Derrick Heel Gooseneck Fitting Ferrement de pivot de pied de corne Lummel (crapaudine), lummelpot en bevestiging rammelblok (poulie de retour)

29. Derrick Heel Gooseneck Fitting Ferrement de pivot de pied de corne Lummel, lummelpot en bevestiging rammelblok (poulie de retour)

30. Derrick head
Mast head with provisions for the slewing guys (gardes – palans de brassage)
Mast head support
Span rope (to hold the derrick in a certain position)(câble dormant d’apiquage ou martinet)
Cargo block
Slewing guys (gardes – pantoires – palans de brassage))
Topping lift (to change the elevation of the derrick)(palan de suspente)

31. Span block fitting
The hanger block (poulie de martinet) must be attached so it can follow the movements of the derrick

32. Running hanger – topping lift
Heavy steel wire
One end is attached at the mast head, the other end goes to the the topping winch
Saw tooth drum edge (bords dentés du tambour)
Blocking device (barre de bloquage avec poignée)
Topping lift (Queue d’apiquage -> cargo winch)
Span rope (martinet)

33. Topping/lowering a derrick
Topping lift is fastened on f.i. on a cargo winch or topping winch
When topping (heaving) the blocking bar rattles the indents on the drum edge
When the correct elevation has been reached the blocking falls behind the indents
When slacking the topping lift the tension is transferred to the the span rope
If you want to lower the derrick the tension is transferred to the cargo winch by means of the topping lift. Hence the blocking bar can be lifted and the topping lift and span rope slacked

34. Cargo Blocks and Heel lead Blocks
Used to guide the cargo runner (cartahu)
SWL of the block = SWL on a single cargo runner
The point of suspension (point de soutien) of the block (poulie) will carry twice this weight

35. Cargo Blocks and Heel lead Blocks

36. Lower cargo blocks (poulie de levage inferieur) and load hooks
Safety hooks and variations

37. Cargo hooks (crochet de leave) – 1 sheave (réa)

38. Cargo hook – 2 sheaves (réa)

39. Different Cargo hooks

40. Heavy Duty models

41. Velle Derrick => 1 man operation
Derricks are provided with 2 double topping/slewing guys (gardes – palans de brassage)
Slewing guys: If one is slacked and the other one is heaved at the same time the derrick swings in the direction of the rope being shortened.
Both slewing guys are directed to the same slewing winch but are mounted in opposite directions
Topping winch Slewing Winch
Treuil d’apiquage Treuil de brassage
Same Sense Opposite sense

42. Velle Derrick
Both other ends of the slewing/topping guys are directed to the topping winch but here they are mounted in the same sense. If the winch is operated both are turning in the same direction and the derrick is lowered or heaved up
Spreader = Traversin = dwarsbalk

43. Velle Derrick

44. Velle Derricks MV Advantage 1 Stulcken derrick 150 MT
4 Velle derricks 35MT

45. Velle Derrick

46. Velle Derrick

47. Hallen Derrick Similar working principle to the Velle Patent.
No Spreader (traversin) – Function has been taken by the very typical construction at the top of the mast

48. Hallen Derrick

49. Hallen Derrick

50. Heavy lift derricks
Fully rigged heavy lift derrick in upright position (la grosse bigue avec gréement complet)

51. Heavy Lift Derrick Stulcken Patent

52. Heavy Lift Derrick Stulcken Patent

53. Stulcken 105 ton

54. Stulcken 150 ton

55. Revolving Cranes
In revolving cranes, the entire topping moment (moment de suspente ou d’apiquage) that is working on the crane is transferred to the ship’s construction via the slewing bearing (roulement de rotation). This system, however, is not suitable for very large forces like the ones on heavy lift ships. Instead, derricks (mast cranes) are still used.
A feature of a mast crane is that the crane is built on a heavy, fixed mast. The jib is attached in two places to a slewing platform.

56. Revolving Cranes
The pulley block and the fixed top blocks (poulie de retour – poulie du martinet) (hangerblok & rammelblok) are located in the top of the mast. The top of the mast is free to rotate relative to the mast foundation and rotates together with the jib (flèche). The derricks described here often have no crane cabin. The crane is remote­controlled by a control panel that either lies somewhere or is strapped onto the shoulders of an operator. The cranes depicted here are all driven electrically.

57. Mast Cranes
The hook block (poulie de levage) is made so heavy that it slacks (larguer) itself. This is necessary, but requires a large weight because the runner (cartahu) is a very thick and therefore tough steel cable that does not slack easily.

58. 2 Mast Cranes Working A Heavy Piece Of Cargo in Tandem

59. Mast Cranes

60. Legend Mast Jib Topping lift & running part of the hoisting rope
Hook Block
Cargo Hook
Hook of auxiliary hoist
Slewing bearing
Mast foundation
Hatch
Anti-heeling tanks
Top of the mast