1. Metaphors result in Technology (?) Kees Doevendans Darmstadt, 22-03-02

2. USO-Built Multi-disciplinary network α-, β- and γ-sciences inter- or trans-disciplinary approach intentional, structural and functional dimension

3. USO-Built as δ δ-science: to interweave α-, β- and γ- sciences and dimensions by design and research or even: Research by Design? We are a δ of different scientific cultures Next step: α + β + γ + δ = Σ -science ?

4. Science Modernity: strong tendency to natural science Technology: applied science Idealization of natural science: generalization, rejection of case studies

5. Counter tendency phenomenology vs natural science ideographic vs nomothetical intuition, instinct vs empirical Verstehen vs Erklären Imagination vs description Phronetic science

6. Reflexive Modernity (Ulrich Beck): Hermeneutic and aesthetic reflexivity (Scott Lash) Phronesis: H-G. Gadamer

7. Phronesis Episteme: Scientific knowledge. Universal, invariable, context-independent. Based on general analytical rationality. Techne: Craft/art. Pragmatic, variable, context-dependent. Oriented toward production. Based on practical instrumental rationality governed by a conscious goal. Phronesis: Ethics. Deliberation about values with reference to praxis. Pragmatic, variable, context- dependent. Oriented toward action. Based on practical value-rationality.

8. Scientific development β: let us make a new measurement versus: α: let us find a new metaphor or: natural sciences also based on metaphors?

9. Narrative science John Milbank (1990): All science is narrative science, even natural science, so: distinction between Verstehen and Erklaren is a mistake

10. Language If science is narrative science, we have to do with language Problem of modernity: to link speech and reality, speech and phenomenon Metaphor is instrument to bridge the gap Metaphor is kind of pre-scientific concept

11. O.M. Ungers as example Morphologie - City Metaphors (1982) 1Phenomenon 2Metaphor 3Naming of the phenomenon based on the metaphor

12. ‘Naming’ If you cannot name it, it does not exist ‘Naming and Necessity’ (Saul Kripke); possibilism versus actualism Research by Design seen as creation of possible worlds, versus: Phronetic science as actualism?

13. Vidler as example: root metaphors 1st typology: nature - city as garden, urban designer as gardener - mimesis 2nd typology: city is a machine, the root metaphor for functionalism 3th typology: city is history - ontology, morphology 4th typology: ?

14. Burgess (1) ‘The Growth of a City’ Natural science was key metaphor City is a living organism, a human body, a plant community

15. Burgess (2) Rhetoric power to link the city to natural science Metaphor was general concept for cities Metaphor structured approach: form and process

16. Ontology of difference Nietzsche: scientific concept is worn-out metaphor > Crisis of (scientific) re-presentation > Withdraw from, deconstruct the metaphor, see the between the phenomenon and the scientific object made of it > Find new metaphors

17. Metaphor &Technology I ‘Root metaphor’ The Heavenly Jerusalem: bleuprint planning, man took God’s place (modernism) Babel: disturbed culture (postmodernism)

18. Metaphor & Technology II Technology is applied natural science Natural science is based on metaphors

19. Metaphor &Technology IIIa Paradigms 20th Century Paradigm: City as a living organism, city as machine were the key metaphors of 20th century urbanism: organic modernism Grounded on this metaphors the functionalist paradigm was developed

20. Metaphor &Technology IIIb This paradigm became a technology in its post-paradigmatic period (finalized science) Finalized science, based on a worn-out metaphor; accepted technology has lost its meaning; postmodern technology?

21. Metaphor & Technology IV Technology = Design Design = design philosophy based on metaphors Deleuze / Guattari / Sap: New metaphors, new ontology, new design philosophy: Smooth - Striated Space, The Fold, Territory, Event, Plane, Rhizome, State … etc.

22. Paradigm shift: New Metaphors City as history: the city as artifact The city as text, palimpsest (narrative science!) The city is a landscape The city is a body without organs The city is not a tree, but a rhizome

23. User-Orientation Combination of modes, dimensions IRU 1: Intentional - Structural IRU 2: Structural - Functional IRU 3: Functional - Intentional

24. User-Orientation IRU 1 Intentional mode: Design of the User by Metaphors? The User = The Other (the Flaneur, the Dandy, the Vagabond, the Citizen, the Cyborg, the Nomad, the Tourist….) Structural mode: Phronetic Science? The Other in Context - the Post-Industrial Landscape