1. CS 695 Network Management Techniques1 Data Communications and Network Management Overview

2. CS 695 Network Management Techniques2 Outline Analogy of telephone network Data and telecommunication network Distributed computing environment Internet Protocols and standards IT management Network and system management Current status and future of network management

3. CS 695 Network Management Techniques3 Telephone Network Characteristics: Reliable - does what is expected of it Dependable - always there when you need it (remember 911?) Good quality (connection) - hearing each other well Reasons: Good planning, design, and implementation Good operation and management of network

4. CS 695 Network Management Techniques4 Telephone Network Model

5. CS 695 Network Management Techniques5 Operations Systems / NOC Monitor telephone network parameters S/N ratio, transmission loss, call blockage, etc. Real-time management of network Trunk (logical entity between switches) maintenance system measures loss and S/N. Trunks not meeting QoS are removed before customer notices poor quality Traffic measurement systems measure call blockage. Additional switch planned to keep the call blockage below acceptable level Operations systems are distributed at central offices Network management done centrally from Network Operations Center (NOC)

6. CS 695 Network Management Techniques6 Data and Telecommunication Network

7. CS 695 Network Management Techniques7 IBM SNA Architecture

8. CS 695 Network Management Techniques8 DCE with LAN DCE.. Distributed Computing Environment

9. CS 695 Network Management Techniques9 LAN-WAN Network

10. CS 695 Network Management Techniques10 Client/Server Model Request Response

11. CS 695 Network Management Techniques11 Client/Server Examples

12. Internetworking Configuration

13. CS 695 Network Management Techniques13 Architecture, Protocols and Standards Communication architecture Modeling of communication systems, comprising functional components and operations interfaces between them Communication protocols Operational procedures intra- and inter-modules Communication standards Agreement between manufacturers on protocols of communication equipment on physical characteristics and operational procedures

14. CS 695 Network Management Techniques14 Communication Architecture

15. CS 695 Network Management Techniques15 OSI Reference Model

16. OSI Layers and Services

17. CS 695 Network Management Techniques17 PDU Communication Model PDU: Protocol Data Unit PCI: Protocol Control Information UD: User Data PDU = PCI + UD UD n = PDU n+1

18. CS 695 Network Management Techniques18 TCP/IP Based Networks TCP/IP is a suite of protocols Internet is based on TCP/IP IP is Internet protocol at the network layer level TCP is connection-oriented transport protocol and ensures end-to-end connection UDP is connectionless transport protocol and provides datagram service Internet e-mail and much of the network mgmt. messages are based on UDP/IP ICMP part of TCP/IP suite

19. CS 695 Network Management Techniques19 Basic Networking Concept – OSI-TCP/IP Comparison

20. CS 695 Network Management Techniques20 TCP vs UDP

21. Gateway DTE : Data Terminating Equipment TNDPTNDP

22. CS 695 Network Management Techniques22 SNA, OSI, and Internet

23. CS 695 Network Management Techniques23 Application Protocols

24. NM Case Histories

25. CS 695 Network Management Techniques25 Common Network Problems Loss of connectivity (Link, Node, Interface) Duplicate IP address (Procedural) Intermittent problems Network configuration issues Non-problems Performance problems

26. CS 695 Network Management Techniques26 Challenges of IT Managers Reliability Non-real time problems Rapid technological advance Managing client/server environment Scalability Troubleshooting tools and systems Trouble prediction Standardization of operations - NMS helps Centralized management vs “sneaker-net”

27. CS 695 Network Management Techniques27 Network Management (NM) Definition  OAM&P of Network and Services  OAM&P: Operations, Administration, maintenance, and Provisioning) Goal  To ensure that the users of a network receive the IT services with the quality of service (QoS) that they expect.

28. Top-down View of NM functions

29. CS 695 Network Management Techniques29 NM Functional Flow Chart NOC:Network Operation Center I&M: Installation & Maintenance TT Trouble Ticket

30. CS 695 Network Management Techniques30 Management Functional Areas, MFAs Management Functional Areas, MFAs)  Fault Management  Configuration Management  Accounting Management  Performance Management  Security Management ITU-T X.700

31. CS 695 Network Management Techniques31 FCAPS: The Industry Standard Definition for NM  Level F - Fault detection and correction  Level C - Configuration and operation  Level A - Accounting and billing  Level P - Performance assessment and optimization  Level S – Security assurance and protection ITU-M.3400

32. CS 695 Network Management Techniques32 (1) Fault Management Fault Management (FM)  Detection of a problem, fault isolation and correction to normal operation. FM involves the following steps:  Discover the problem.  Isolate the problem  Fix the problem (if possible) Use of Trouble-Ticket Systems

33. CS 695 Network Management Techniques33 Fault Management Functions Maintain and examine error logs Accept and act upon error detection notifications Trace and identify faults Carry out sequences of diagnostic tests Correct faults

34. CS 695 Network Management Techniques34 Fault Management Internet RMON Device UNIX.... FDDI UNIX Firewall / Router.............. UNIX User DNS Mail Server WWW Server

35. CS 695 Network Management Techniques35 (2) Configuration Management Configuration Management  The process of finding and setting up (configuring) network devices. CM identifies, exercises control over, collects data from, and provides data to networked systems.

36. CS 695 Network Management Techniques36 Configuration Management Functions Set the parameters that control the routine operation of the networked system. Associate names with managed objects and sets of managed objects. Initialize and close down managed objects. Collect information on demand about the current condition of the networked system. Obtain announcements of significant changes in the condition of the networked system. Change the configuration of the networked system.

37. CS 695 Network Management Techniques37 Configuration Management : Auto Discovery

38. CS 695 Network Management Techniques38 (3) Accounting Management Accounting Management (AM)  Tracking each individual and group user's utilization of network resources to better ensure that users have sufficient resources.  AM enables charges to be established for the use of network resources, and the costs to be identified for the use of those network resources.

39. CS 695 Network Management Techniques39 Accounting Management Functions Inform users of costs incurred or resources consumed. Enable accounting limits to be set and tariff schedules to be associated with the use of resources. Enable costs to be combined where multiple resources are invoked to achieve a given communication objective.

40. CS 695 Network Management Techniques40 (4) Performance Management Performance Management (PM)  Measuring the performance of network hardware, software, and media. Examples ：  Overall throughput  Percentage utilization  Error rate  Response time

41. CS 695 Network Management Techniques41 Performance Management Functions Gather statistical information. Maintain and examine logs of system state histories. Determine system performance under natural and artificial conditions. Alter system modes of operation for the purpose of conducting PM activities.

42. CS 695 Network Management Techniques42 (5) Security Management Security Management (SM)  The process of controlling access to information on the networked system. Security Management Functions  The creation, deletion, and control of security services and mechanisms.  The distribution of security-relevant information.  The reporting of security-relevant events.

43. CS 695 Network Management Techniques43 Network Management Components

44. CS 695 Network Management Techniques44 Interoperability

45. CS 695 Network Management Techniques45 Interoperability (cont.) Services & Protocols

46. CS 695 Network Management Techniques46 Network Management Model Legend ： MA : Manager Applications MO : Managed Objects R : Real Resource Network Agent R Communication Protocols Manager MA Management Operation Response Event Communication Protocols MO Management Station Network Element

47. CS 695 Network Management Techniques47 Components of Network Management Manager Agent Network Management Protocol Network Management Information

48. CS 695 Network Management Techniques48 Status and Future Trends Status: SNMP management Limited CMIP management Operations systems Polled systems Future trends: Object-oriented approach Service and policy management Business management Web-based management

49. CS 695 Network Management Techniques49 Management Pyramid Business Management Customer Management Service Management Distributed System Management Network Management Element Management

50. Network Management System Management Applications Management Service Management Eneterprise Management Data Voice Video Multimedia LAN MAN WAN Corporate Network VPN IN Fault Configuration Accounting Performance Security Planning Installation Operation Change Network Types Functional Areas StagesStages Information Types DisciplinesDisciplines Management Scope ?

51. CS 695 Network Management Techniques51 Network Management Basics Internet RMON Device UNIX.... FDDI UNIX Firewall / Router....... Polling Notification....... UNIX NMNM network RMONDevice