1. Radiation

2. Electron Interactions  Electrons interact with charges in atoms. Electrons decelerateElectrons decelerate  This radiation is called bremsstrahlung “braking radiation”“braking radiation” e  e Z

3. Beta Range  The range of an electron in matter varies. Energy dependent Material dependent  The measure is often scaled to the density.

4. Ejected Photons  Electron can be accelerated toward a metal target. Heated cathode to create electronsHeated cathode to create electrons High voltage to get high energy electronsHigh voltage to get high energy electrons V e I

5. X-Rays  The photons come of with a spectrum of energy. Called x-rays Maximum corresponds to potential  Peaks correspond to specific quantized energies in an atom.

6. Compton Scattering  Photons scattering from atomic electrons are described by the Compton effect. Conservation of energy and momentumConservation of energy and momentum Special relativitySpecial relativity   e  ’’

7. Compton Effect  The energy and momentum equations can be combined into one relationship. Compton equationCompton equation Frequency or wavelengthFrequency or wavelength   e  ’’

8. Compton Energy  The wavelength shift is independent of energy. Only angle  The energy of the photon depends on the angle. Max at 180°  Recoil angle for electron related to photon energy transfer Small   cot large Recoil near 90° next