1. Polarization Surface-State Retrieval in the Presence of Atmospheric Perturbations Mentor: Dr. Carol Bruegge (JPL) By: Victor Chu

2. Who Funding: Non-NASA contract –ICATS project (Image Chain Analysis Technology for Space) Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) –OCO requires knowledge of surface polarization properties for its retrieval algorithm –The task utilizes a retrieval code also used by OCO Multiangle SpectroPolarimetric Imager (MSPI) –JPL polarimeter built to study aerosols

3. Pre-Cursor Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) Orbit since 1999 275m resolution 0º, 26º, 46º, 60º, and 70º fore and aft of nadir Spectral Bands - 446, 558, 672, 866 nm Multi-angle – Unique Capabilities

4. What it can do MISR generated image Enhanced sensitivity to aerosols

5. Polarization MISR lacks Polarization Sensor Polarization Adds New Dimension New level of clarity

6. What it COULD do Camouflaged objects are difficult to detect with MISR Polarization makes objects appear extremely clear regardless

7. Do you see any trucks?

8. What about now?

9. See them now?

10. MSPI Follow-on instrument to MISR Many factors affect polarimetric accuracy Requires calibration

11. Radiative Programs VLIDORT Few Polarization calculators –MODTRAN Developed by the Air Force Geophysical Laboratory (AFGL) –MODTRAN 5 –ICATS team has access to MODTRAN 4P beta

12. Effects of Aeresol Ground Downwelling Ground Upwelling Satellite Upwelling

13. Degree of Linear Polarization

14. Effects of Gases Ground Downwelling Ground Upwelling Satellite Upwelling

15. Degree of Linear Polarization

16. Future Plans Simulations of test scenes Identify surfaces given Stokes parameters Measurement capability Validation of both VLIDORT and MODTRAN 4P

17. Acknowledgements Dr. Carol Bruegge, Mentor Vijay Natraj, VLIDORT expert Rob Spurr, VLIDORT author SURF office for program organization

18. References D. Diner, A. Davis, R. Chipman, “Innovative Technology Approach for High- Accuracy Imaging Spectropolarimetry at Multiple View Angles,” project proposal for funding, 2006. Spurr, Robert J.D. VLIDORT: A linearized pseudo-spherical vector discrete ordinate radiative transfer model for forward model and retrieval studies in multilayer multiple scattering media. JQSRT 2006 in press. T. Takashima, K. Masuda, “Degree of radiance and polarization of upwelling radiation from an atmosphere-ocean system”, Applied Optics 24, 15, 2423 (1985) T. Cronin, E. Warrant, B Greiner, “Celestial polarization patterns during twilight”, Applied Optics 45, 22, 5582 (2006) G.N. Plass, G.W. Kattawar, “Polarization of the Radiation Reflected and Transmitted by the Earth’s Atmosphere”, Applied Optics 9, 5, 1122 (1970) J. S. Tyo, D. L. Goldstein, D. B. Chenault, J. A. Shaw, “Review of passive imaging polarimetry for remote sensing applications”, Applied Optics 45, 22, 5453 (2006