1. 1 Introduction to Embedded Systems Manuel Lois Anido Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Undergraduate Course in Computer Science NCE/IM

2. 2 Introduction to Embedded Systems Course Objectives: Course Objectives: Study the Methods to Design and Implement Embedded Systems. It is an Interdisciplinary Course which Involves Software and Hardware Knowledge (mostly software).Study the Methods to Design and Implement Embedded Systems. It is an Interdisciplinary Course which Involves Software and Hardware Knowledge (mostly software). Important Issues: Important Issues: Arithmetic, Basic HardwareArithmetic, Basic Hardware MicrocontrollersMicrocontrollers Interrupts, ConcurrencyInterrupts, Concurrency TimingTiming Limited ResourcesLimited Resources Finite State MachinesFinite State Machines Connecting I/O DevicesConnecting I/O Devices Evaluation: Evaluation: Theorethical AssignmentsTheorethical Assignments Practical AssignmentsPractical Assignments

3. 3 Course Outline Introduction to Embedded Systems Introduction to Embedded Systems Basic Electricity, Electronics Concepts and Devices Basic Electricity, Electronics Concepts and Devices Integer and Fixed-Point Arithmetic Integer and Fixed-Point Arithmetic Overview of Popular Microcontrollers and DSPs with Associated Assembly Language Overview of Popular Microcontrollers and DSPs with Associated Assembly Language Using C and IDEs for System Development Using C and IDEs for System Development Interrupts, DMA, Polling, Timers Interrupts, DMA, Polling, Timers Finite State Machines Finite State Machines Basic Microcontroller Interface Circuits – Parallel, Serial, Bar codes, Magnetic cards, smart cards, keyboards, LCDs, USB, SCSI, etc Basic Microcontroller Interface Circuits – Parallel, Serial, Bar codes, Magnetic cards, smart cards, keyboards, LCDs, USB, SCSI, etc Real-Time Systems Concepts and RTOS Real-Time Systems Concepts and RTOS Java/Jini for Embedded Devices Java/Jini for Embedded Devices

4. 4 Embedded Systems’ Books Course is centered on Slides and Papers Course is centered on Slides and Papers Text Books: Text Books: Embedded C – Michael J. Pont, Addison Wesley Publ. (C programming for 8051 line)Embedded C – Michael J. Pont, Addison Wesley Publ. (C programming for 8051 line) Microcontrolador 8051 Detalhado – Denys E. Nicolosi – Editora ÉricaMicrocontrolador 8051 Detalhado – Denys E. Nicolosi – Editora Érica Microcontrolador PIC – PIC – Programação em C – Fabio Ferreira – Ed. Érica,Microcontrolador PIC – PIC – Programação em C – Fabio Ferreira – Ed. Érica, Desbravando o PIC – David José de Souza – Ed. Érica.Desbravando o PIC – David José de Souza – Ed. Érica. Embedded System Design: A unified Hardware/Software Introduction (Frank Vahid): www.cs.ucr.edu/content/esd/ (on line)Embedded System Design: A unified Hardware/Software Introduction (Frank Vahid): www.cs.ucr.edu/content/esd/ (on line) www.cs.ucr.edu/content/esd/ Useful Link on C programming for 8051 - http://www.spjsystems.com/c31exmpl.htmUseful Link on C programming for 8051 - http://www.spjsystems.com/c31exmpl.htm Other Useful Books: Other Useful Books: Basic Electronics: Any Basic Book that Describes Electronic ComponentsBasic Electronics: Any Basic Book that Describes Electronic Components Computer Arithmetic: Computer Arithmetic – Algorithms and Hardware Designs – Behrooz Parhami – Oxford Press – ISBN – 0-19-512583-5Computer Arithmetic: Computer Arithmetic – Algorithms and Hardware Designs – Behrooz Parhami – Oxford Press – ISBN – 0-19-512583-5 C and the 8051 – Building Efficient Applications – Thomas W. Shultz – Prentice Hall PTR (see www.amazon.com)C and the 8051 – Building Efficient Applications – Thomas W. Shultz – Prentice Hall PTR (see www.amazon.com) www.amazon.com ARM and Texas DSP – Look for it at the InternetARM and Texas DSP – Look for it at the Internet Sistemas de Tempo Real: Livro Tempo Real em Formato Eletrônico (PDF)Sistemas de Tempo Real: Livro Tempo Real em Formato Eletrônico (PDF) Java/Jini: Look for it at the InternetJava/Jini: Look for it at the Internet

5. 5 Embedded Systems’ Tools Check Your CD-ROM Check Your CD-ROM Tools for the 8051 line of Microcontrollers: Tools for the 8051 line of Microcontrollers: Keil System IDE: www.keil.com (BEST ONE for 8051 family)Keil System IDE: www.keil.com (BEST ONE for 8051 family)www.keil.com EZ Downloader – To donwnload object code through serial port to program 8051 chipsEZ Downloader – To donwnload object code through serial port to program 8051 chips PROTEUS and ISIS – CAD (or EDA) system with schematic capture and simulationPROTEUS and ISIS – CAD (or EDA) system with schematic capture and simulation Tools for the PIC line of Microcontrollers: Tools for the PIC line of Microcontrollers: CCS – C compiler for PIC MicrocontrollerCCS – C compiler for PIC Microcontroller MPLAB – IDE from Microchip for PIC Microcontroller – Editor, File Manager, etcMPLAB – IDE from Microchip for PIC Microcontroller – Editor, File Manager, etc PROTEUS and ISIS – EDA system with schematic capture and simulationPROTEUS and ISIS – EDA system with schematic capture and simulation IC-Prog – To download object code through parallel or serial ports to program PIC chipsIC-Prog – To download object code through parallel or serial ports to program PIC chips

6. 6 Embedded Systems - URLs Development kits in Brazil: http://kit.microcontrolador.com Development kits in Brazil: http://kit.microcontrolador.com

7. 7 Course Evaluation 2 simple homeworks (individual) ( Hw) 2 simple homeworks (individual) ( Hw) 1 Exam (Ex1) 1 Exam (Ex1) 1 very simple project (group of two) (P1) 1 very simple project (group of two) (P1) 1 project (group of two) (P2) 1 project (group of two) (P2) 1 final exam (individual) (Fe) 1 final exam (individual) (Fe) 1 exam that can substitute Ex1 or Fe 1 exam that can substitute Ex1 or Fe Evaluation: Evaluation: Average = (0.6*Ex1 + [Ex1 *1.4*(Hw1 + Hw2 + P1 +P2)/4]/10)/2 Average = (0.6*Ex1 + [Ex1 *1.4*(Hw1 + Hw2 + P1 +P2)/4]/10)/2 If Average >= 7 Pass else Go To Final Exam If Average >= 7 Pass else Go To Final Exam If (Fe + Average)/2 >= 5 PASS Else Fail If (Fe + Average)/2 >= 5 PASS Else Fail

8. 8Introduction Embedded System is a small computer system that is generally hidden inside equipment (machine, electrical appliance) to increase the intelligence of the equipment for better or more efficient functionality. Embedded System is a small computer system that is generally hidden inside equipment (machine, electrical appliance) to increase the intelligence of the equipment for better or more efficient functionality. This kind of system always involves both the software and hardware co- development. Embedded systems are often easier understood in term of Smart Devices, Intelligent, or Automated Equipment. This kind of system always involves both the software and hardware co- development. Embedded systems are often easier understood in term of Smart Devices, Intelligent, or Automated Equipment. MARKET (2001) PC´s !!

9. 9 Market for Embedded Microprocessors About four (!) percent of the world’s microprocessors are used in computers. Source: Embedded Systems Programming, May 1999 Average car has about 15 microprocessors. Mercedes S-class: 63 microprocessors !! 32-bit embedded microprocessors 16-bit 8-bit 250 million 1 billion 125 million PCs Intel, AMD Motorola, ARM, MIPS, i960, x86, … Only 4% of the total number

10. 10 A “short list” of embedded systems And the list goes on and on... Anti-lock brakes Auto-focus cameras Automatic teller machines Automatic toll systems Automatic transmission Avionic systems Battery chargers Camcorders Cell phones Cell-phone base stations Cordless phones Cruise control Curbside check-in systems Digital cameras Disk drives Electronic card readers Electronic instruments Electronic toys/games Factory control Fax machines Fingerprint identifiers Home security systems Life-support systems Medical testing systems Modems MPEG decoders Network cards Network switches/routers On-board navigation Pagers Photocopiers Point-of-sale systems Portable video games Printers Satellite phones Scanners Smart ovens/dishwashers Speech recognizers Stereo systems Teleconferencing systems Televisions Temperature controllers Theft tracking systems TV set-top boxes VCR’s, DVD players Video game consoles Video phones Washers and dryers

11. 11 Word length: 16 bits (15 bits data + parity bit) First computer using integrated circuits (ICs) Magnetic core memory Fixed memory (ROM): 36,864 words Erasable memory (RAM):2,048 words Number of instructions: 34 Cycle time: 11.7  sec Clock frequency: 85 kHz (!) Number of logic gates: 5,600 (2,800 packages) Weight: 30 kg Power consumption: 70 W Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC)

12. 12 Technology Areas of Embedded Systems Embedded Real-Time Program Embedded RTOS Network + Protocol Machine Intelligence DSP Digital + Analog Circuit Human Computer Interaction Control Systems VHDL Verilog Fixed Point Arithmetic C, Java Languages Real World Interfacing