1. Bluetooth Introduction Guoxin Zheng School of Communication and Information Engineering Shanghai University

2. Architecture Overview Overview Technically Topology Radio/Baseband Protocol stack Modules&Silicon Development Kits Qualification

3. World Penetration 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 1998 2000 2002 2004 PhonesSmart Phones 42 28 21 16 22 37 21 23 24 17 16 20 36 58 61 67 82 73 75 70 97 10 9 11 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% April-May 96 Aug-Sept 96 Dec-Jan 96/97 April-May 97 Aug-Sept 97 Dec-Jan 97/98 Feb-March 98 April-May 98 June-July 98 Entry Mid High *70% of total sales volume Source: GFK retailer panel Source: Ericsson official forecast Replacement 2003 400 100 (est.) Industry Forecast in million phones Source; Ericsson All (SP,GER, UK, FRA, ITA) - % Distribution by Price segment of Total Sales Volume* (units) 1995

4. Forecast Worldwide Sales 2005 Million units 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 mobile phones mobile accessories portable computers and PDA’s desktop PCs desktop accessories printers cordless phones telephone answering devices TV/VCR/DVD CD-player Mobile devicesDesktop devicesConsumer electronics Source: IDC, Strategy Analytics, Ericsson, Silver Institute Internet connection device cameras & misc. Remote control

5. The Future? Mobile phones is by far the largest segment within Mobile Devices –250 million mobile phones will be sold year 2000 –630 million mobile phones will be sold year 2005 Desktop PCs is the largest segment in Desktop Devices –80 million desktop PCs will be sold year 2000 –140 million desktop PCs will be sold year 2005 Cordless phones is the largest segment in Consumer Electronics Devices –150 million cordless phones will be sold year 2000 –350 million cordless phones will be sold year 2005

6. Personal Ad-hoc Networks Cable Replacement Landline Data/Voice Access Points What does Bluetooth do for you? “Usage Models”

7. “Design a radio to replace the cable and its connectors…” Design Goals –Small implementation size –Low implementation cost –Low power consumption –Secure and robust for open ISM band Challenges –Fast frequency hopping –Single chip integration

8. Global Operation Industrial - Scientific - Medical 80 MHz at 2.45 GHz Globally available Unlicensed and free to use

9. Unprecedented Cross Industry Commitment Special Interest Group – Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia and Toshiba And today there are more than 2000 Bluetooth adopters...

10. Technically Speaking... Bluetooth Module Small Size –0.5 square inches in production –Eventually moving to a single chip solution Low power –2.7V (1.62 - 2.75V) –300  A standby, 30  A in sleep, 60  A hold/park –3 - 30 mA when transmitting –1 or 100 mW active power Low Price –$25 projected to come down to around $5 OEM integration cost Designed for CMOS single chip solution Bluetooth Radio Bluetooth Bluetooth Link Controller

11. Technical Features 2.4 GHz ISM Open band –Globally free available frequency, 89 MHz of spectrum available –FFH/DS Hybrid Radio 10 -100 m range, personal bubble –8 active devices per piconet (share datarate) –Up to 10 piconets in bubble (full datarate) 1 Mbps gross rate –Future version: 2 Mbps Simultaneous voice/data capable –432 Kbps (full duplex), 721/56 Kbps (asymmetric) –or –3 simultaneous full duplex voice per piconet (CVSD@64 Kbps). –or a combination of data and voice

12. Battery Life Time Estimates calculated with 600 mAh battery and internal amplifier, power will vary with implementation and application Low power consumption –Standby current 0.3 mA > 3 months –Voice mode 10 mA (one voice channel) > 60 hours –Data mode average 6 mA (20% utilization) > 100 hours Low Power Architecture –Programmable data length (else radio sleeps) –Hold and Park modes 60 µA Devices connected but not participating Device can participate within 2 ms

13. Robust Data and Voice Transfer Bluetooth is designed to be robust Open band interference is negotiated by: –1600 frequency hops/s –Short and flexible data packets –Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) –Forward Error Correction (FEC) –16 bit Cyclic Redundancy Check –Speech coding: Continuos Variable Slope Delta modulation (CVSD)

14. Bluetooth Scalable Security Provides link layer security between any two Bluetooth radios Authentication (E1 algorithm) –Challenge/Response system Encryption (privacy) –Encrypts data between two devices –Stream cipher with E0 algorithm Key management and usage –Configurable Encryption key length (0-16 bytes) Government export regulations Radio negotiate key size –Key generation with E2-E3 algorithms Authentication and Encryption keys

15. Topology Radio range has two varieties Short range (10 meters or less) –0 dBm radio, 1mW –Optimized for short range devices Headset, Mouse, Keyboard, etc.... Longer range (100 meters or less) –20 dBm radio, 100 mW –Module has a power amplifier built-in –Optimized for devices changing environments Notebooks, cellphones, access points, etc. …

16. Topology Radio/Baseband –Master/Slave medium access –Radio/Baseband is symmetric –Connected devices can be master or slave –Could be master and slave concurrently

17. Piconet –All devices in a piconet hop together –Frequency hopping sequence is determined by the masters ID –Phase of the frequency hopping sequence is determined by the masters clock Topology

18. Piconet –Point to Point –Point to Multipoint –No base station is needed –8 concurrent devices –More than 200 active devices –1 Mb/s gross rate Topology

19. Scatternet –Devices can share piconets –Interpiconet communication –Instant Ad-hoc connections –10 Piconets –Aggregated 10 Mb/s Topology

20. Mobile Topology –All device are mobile –Walknet: –The whole piconet cell is mobile –Make and Brake Connections Topology

21. Topology, Scatternet master slave 1 slave 2 slave 3 master slave 4 slave 5

22. Frequency Hopping

23. Connection Procedure Standby –Waiting to join a piconet Inquire –Finding devices Page –Connect to a known device Connected –Actively on a piconet (master or slave) Park/Hold –Low Power connected states

24. Page and Inquire Scans A radio must be enabled to accept pages or inquires (also in connected state)

25. Bluetooth Protocol Stack Control RFComm HID TCP/IP Still ImageObex vCard WAP vCal Basic Provided Adapted Application Framework Radio Baseband Link Man. L2CAP Audio HCI

26. Ericsson Bluetooth Core Functional Partitioning SRAM Flash BASEBAND Link Control BASEBAND Link Control RADIO RF Section RADIO RF Section CPU Link Manager CPU Link Manager Host Interface

27. TX- balun RX- balun Switch RF IC Antenna Filter VCO- tank LP filter PA Switch Control &data Filters and baluns integrated into LTCC substrate RF IC flip chip mounted Laser trimming used to optimize performance 100mW optional version with PA and Optional Gain Control (- 30 to +20 dBm) Small outline BGA type package –1mW: 10.2 x 14 x 1.6 mm –100mW: 10.2 x 16 x 1.6 mm Radio Module

28. First Complete Module Radio Link Controller Link Controller (Optional) Flash Host interface USB UART/PCM PA Antenna

29. First Complete Module Key Features FCC type approved Interface through USB, UART or PCM Bluetooth 1.0 pre-certified USB 1.1 compliant (Voice and Data) Small size, 33x17x3.36 mm Generic SW (HCI, L2CAP, RFCOMM)

30. Complete Module SW-stack L2CAP Radio BaseBand Link Manager HCI Higher Layers Bluetooth host Bluetooth complete module Ericsson Bluetooth Core

31. What is the Developer’s Kit? Demonstrator of Bluetooth technology Starter kit for product development Application software development platform Increase integration with option to do embedded SW

32. Global Market Qualification ProgramRegulatory Type Approval Bluetooth Devices & Bluetooth Identity 'License to sell' Qualification and Type Approval

33. Manufacturer Blue- tooth Quali- fication Body Authorized Test houses Qualification Program - Concept Bluetooth Administrative Instance Product including documentation and declaration (ICS) Feedback Logo approval Test results Authorize Accreditation Preliminary!

34. Bluetooth Moves Fast... Web sites for latest news www.bluetooth.com www.ericsson.se/bluetooth WWW.bluetoothinchina.com END