1. 1 Agenda I.A – Show different type of soil and how they hold water I.A – Show a plant that is at wilting point and one in field capacity I.A – Show slides of different area’s in the community that show the different types of water holding capacity Explain different types of water terminology, irrigation, soil capacity

2. 2 Agenda Compare history to present types of irrigating systems Movie Field trip to local farm to examine different fields Quiz

3. 3 Soil Water (2057)  Water  Universal solvent, dissolves more substances than any other liquid  Forms of gas, liquid, and solid  Moves nutrients through the soil and takes it to the roots  Soil water types  Saturated

4. 4 Soil Water (2057) Continued Unhealthy to plants Oxygen needed for respiration would be missing

5. 5 Soil Water (2057) Continued Clay soil will hold lots more water due to particles are close together Sand soil will lose water easier due to loser particles  Field Capacity  All the water held in soil against the pull of gravity  When excess water is drained by gravity  Wilting Point  Plants lose turgor  Will not revive unless immediately irrigated

6. 6 Soil Water (2057) Continued  Permanent Wilting Point  The stage in which the plant has not only lost turgor and wilted but will not revive any water (Handout 2057 - #2 & #6)  Available Water (Handout 2057 - #1)  Available water for use by the plant  Another way to look at this is by A.W. = F.C. – W.P.  Available water = Field capacity – wilting point

7. 7 Soil Water (2057) Continued Activity 2057A  Demonstrate several types of soil and their ability in holding water  Soil Capacity  What is the depth of water penetration for one inch of water?  Vary on type of soil  Sand 10 to 12 inches  Silt 6 to 10 inches  Clay 2 to 4 inches

8. 8 Soil Water (2057) Continued What can affect penetration? Soil texture, organic matter, impermeable layer, soil compaction, amount of soil crusting The ability for soil to hold water is called: Water holding capacity Loamy soil have greatest amount of available water (Handout 2057-#3)

9. 9 Soil Water (2057) Continued Irrigation Most land only receives 20 inches of rain per year so irrigation is needed Irrigation has been dated back to 2600 B.C. (4000 years ago) Modern Methods started just 200 years ago Irrigation Systems

10. 10 Soil Water (2057) Continued Requirements to consider are, Crop, climate, season, soil conditions, method of application (Handout 2057-#5) Choosing the right method will save cost and labor Two types of systems are: Sprinkler, Drip (Handout 2057-#4) Sprinkler system Wets a larger area Helps seed germination, salt wash off,

11. 11 Soil Water (2057) Continued Drip System Latest innovation Tubes are laid in soil surface called Emitters 1 to 2 gallons per hour of water is given off Less water is used Foliar diseases will increase Salt build up System is light weight

12. 12 Soil Water (2057) Continued Nutrients can be manual added Does cost a lot more than the sprinkler system Higher maintenance Show movie on different ways both systems are used Have questions to answer during movie Collect afterwards for evaluation

13. 13 Soil Water (2057)  Lab day 2057A (See back of lesson plan)  Trip to local farm that is using one or both systems  Farm Owner as guest speaker  Have students take notes on handout  Have students draw different types of systems that they see  Collect notes and drawing for evaluation

14. 14 Soil Water (2057) Question and Answer Quiz