1. Major Topic: Types of IS
DSS, MIS, EIS
TPS, PCS
ECS
We’ve seen really good examples of MIS, ECS, and DSS in lab.

2. Major Topic: IS components vs system components
People
Data
Process
Software
Hardware
System Components
Input
Output
Processing
Feedback
Control

3. Major Topic: Attributes of Information
GIS Lab: Family Watchdog Website
General Goal: Keep children away from risk
Specific Usage:
Look up specific people, i.e., soccer coach, Religious Ed. Teacher, neighbors.
Look at surrounding areas for possible dangerous areas.
Is the bus stop safe? Is the walk to Walmart safe?

4. My Top Three (parent perspective)
Complete – A parent would be very upset if the system was missing the sex offenders in their neighborhood. If the data is incomplete, the system has very little value
Timely – Similar to complete, if the data only gets updated once a year, a sex offender could move next door and they system may report it for a long time.
Accurate – What if an address is entered incorrectly? Sex offender could be next door but the inaccurate system reports them on a different street.

5. Why it is important to identify stakeholders from the start: Different Perspective
Police Office / Investigator Perspective
General Goal: To find suspects and reduce incidents
Specific Usage:
Look for known offenders near an area where there was an incident
Look for problem areas to patrol, i.e., sex offenders near playgrounds, schools, bus stops, etc.

6. Police Officer’s Top Three
Complete – The map may have sex offenders but not playgrounds, bus stops, schools, etc., which means you can’t identify problem areas so easily
Timely – Sex offenders may move often to avoid scrutiny. An officer needs to know about this movement ASAP.
Reliable – You don’t want the system going down in the middle of an investigation. For parents, who might access the system occasionally, reliability is less of a concern, but for an officer it may be quite important

7. Bottom Choices Parent Perspective:
The cost of the data is less of a concern for parents because the value is so high, so economy is simply a low priority.
However, the organization that provides the system has to worry about cost, or they may not be able to provide the system in the future.
The flexibility of the data is not a concern since parents are unlikely to need the data for other purposes.
Whereas, a police officer may want to combine the sex offender map with other crime maps.

8. Bottom Choices Police Office Perspective
Simplicity might not be a factor, since a police officer may get the training to use a very complex GIS crime mapping systems.
Simplicity is more important for novice users
A police officer may be able to better determine what information is relevant vs. irrelevant. They probably want complete information even though some of it may seem irrelevant.

9. Argument about Security
Answer depending on how you define secure.
Secure (top secret):
A tip on the whereabouts of a fugitive is more valuable if the cops can keep it a secret
If the media reports it, the criminal might flee before the cops arrive.
Secure (authorized control):
The information could be publicly accessible, but only authorities can edit and control it

10. Argument about Security
Secure (top secret): Least Important
The more information shared, the more awareness there will be about dangerous sex offenders. This system should NOT be a secret.
Secure (authorized control): Most Important
If the sex offenders could edit the information, the system breaks down completely.
PARIS, France (CNN) -- A French judge has issued an arrest warrant for U.S. cyclist Floyd Landis for allegedly hacking into the computer system of the French anti-doping agency's laboratory

11. Major Topic: Data  Information Excel Lab
453333
97067
201600
15929
928972
306667

12. Simplicity
Formatting and labeling data is one way to transform data to information
Labels add context and explanation
Formatting add Simplicity,
i.e., easier to understand and interpret
[Sidoti Example]

13. Convention Center Data  Information

14. Input  Processing  Output
Input: Raw Data
Output: Information (report, chart, graph, map)
Processes: (always verbs)
Processing examples from Excel Lab?
Lookups (automation)
Sorting
Averaging (simplification)
Subtotaling (simplification, more relevant)

15. Major Topic: Role of IS in collaboration CMC Lab
Synchronous vs. Asynchronous
Communication vs. Collaboration
Other benefits
Work flow
Task Management
Calendaring
Document/Content Management

16. Last Major Topic: IS for Competitive Advantage
5 Forces (Porter’s)
5 Strategies (role of Information Systems in these strategies).

17. Tough Topic: Feedback Two definitions: Feedback as part of a system
Feedback in collaboration, i.e., feedback + iteration

18. System Feedback (GE Centricity Case)
The GE Centricity case was filled with examples of feedback.
Patients seen per hour
Number of errors
Number of malpractice lawsuits
A hospital can operate without the above information
but you need to know these things if your goal is to improve operations or cut costs
Output examples
Hospital Bill
Prescription
Patient Test Results
Feedback is information that tells you how the system or a enterprise is doing.

19. System Feedback Paper-based systems can often produce good output
Bills
Receipts
Reports, etc
But, they don’t produce feedback as efficiently
In fact, previous to Centricity, the hospital might not have been even aware of performance measures.
Previous to using Centricity, calculating…
Prescription error rate
Patients seen per hour
….Was a time consuming process
In processing input and producing output, feedback can often be generated at almost zero cost. Kroenke principle

20. Feedback in Collaboration
Examples:
Team member points out an error (improve accuracy)
Team member suggests a more efficient process (improve economy)
Team members vote on what they think is the best (more perspective)
Similar to system feedback, the information provided leads to improvement

21. Feedback in Systems (automated) vs in Humans (collaboration)
Systemic view
Automating a process
InputProcessingOutput
opportunity to gather information about that process to help improve it.
Gathering this information is often the driving motivation behind the automation
Human view
More people (eyes and ideas) equals more
opportunity to catch errors
potential to discover better solutions
Creating these opportunities and potentials is the driving force behind collaboration

22. Central Lesson to Learn
Why do we collaborate?
It is not more efficient
Takes effort
Takes time
But, the human feedback generated can create better outcomes overall.
Why do we use information systems?
Sometimes it is more efficient, but not always
Using an IS takes effort
Takes time
But, the systemic feedback generated can create better overall outcomes

23. IPOF and 5 components: Everything comes together
#1 Consider a system: Blackboard, iTunes, Centricity.
Or, consider software used to achieve a goal
Google Doc
Spreadsheet
MapInfo
#2 What is the goal of the system? Or, why are you using the software?
#3 Who are the stakeholders
(benefit if the system works, get hurt if the system fails)
#4 Identify the
hardware
software
processes or procedures
stored data
people
Steps 1-4 will help you define the system boundaries and identify correct IPOF.

24. IPOF and 5 components: Everything comes together
I: What data is inputted into this system? Often becomes the stored data.
O: What information comes out of the system? The stored data with more value.
Input  Output
P: How does this transformation take place (processing)?
F: What are the ways the system can tell us how it is doing (feedback);
Feedback is almost always connected with the goal.