1. Presented to: Presented by: Transportation leadership you can trust. LEHD OnTheMap Data 2011 GIS in Public Transportation Tampa, FL Bruce Spear September 15, 2011

2. Acknowledgements Findings from NCHRP 8-36, Task 98 Improving Employment Data for Transportation Planning – Sponsored by AASHTO Standing Committee on Planning – Final Report posted at http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/docs /NCHRP08-36(98)_FR.pdf http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/docs /NCHRP08-36(98)_FR.pdf 2

3. What is LEHD? Longitudinal Employment Household Dynamics Program to generate new information on workers and employers from existing data sources Developed by U.S. Census Bureau in coordination with state partners Based on administrative records Includes all employment subject to state unemployment insurance (UI) laws 3

4. LEHD Data Products Quarterly Workforce Indicators (QWI) – Quarterly data on employment dynamics (total employment, job creation, wages, and worker turnover) LEHD Origin-Destination Employment Statistics (LODES) – Annual data on locations and characteristics of workers by residence and workplace, and home-to-work flows 4

5. LEHD - OnTheMap – Web-based mapping and reporting application http://lehdmap.did.census.gov/ http://lehdmap.did.census.gov/ – Supports multiple analyses involving workplace and worker residence locations – Queries supported at multiple levels of geography (Census Blocks, Tracts, zip codes, places, urbanized areas, counties, states) – Worker characteristics include: industry type, age, income, race, ethnicity, and education 5

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10. LODES Data Files 1. Residence Area Characteristics (RAC) Number and characteristics of workers summarized by residence geography and reporting year 2. Workplace Area Characteristics (WAC) Number and characteristics of workers summarized by workplace geography and reporting year 3. Origin-Destination Flows (OD) Number and summary characteristics of workers who reside in one location and work in another location 10

11. LODES Data Sources Employer Characteristics Quarterly Census of Employment & Wages (QCEW) Reported quarterly by employers to State employment security agencies (SESA) (formerly known as ES-202 data) Funded and managed by BLS (data quality and integrity) Enhanced employer files contain data on total monthly employment and total wages by quarter Multiple Workplace Reports (MWR) provide workplace employment data for employers with multiple worksites. 11

12. Data Sources (continued) Worker Characteristics Personal Characteristics File (PCF) Derived from Social Security Application File (Numident) Gender, DOB, Race, Citizenship Composite Person Record (CPR) Derived from multiple sources (IRS, Medicare, HUD) Based on worker’s SSN Worker place of residence Wage Records List individual employees by social Security Number (SSN) Provide key link between workers and employers 12

13. LEHD Processing Steps 13

14. LODES Data Limitations 1. Excludes some employment categories – Self-employed & Sole Proprietors (6% - 17%) – Federal/Military/Railroad Workers (1% - 20%) – Employment exempt from UI laws (0% - 2%) 2. Data not currently produced for all States – States missing data include: DC, MA, NH, PR, VI 14

15. LODES Data Issues Multiple Worksite Employers – Some multi-worksite employers refuse to file multiple worksite reports (MWR) – Employers with multiple worksites may show all employees located at primary employer address – MWR non-compliance affects about 5% of all employment, nationwide: Rates vary significantly from state to state Lower in States with mandatory MWR reporting Highest non-compliance among local government agencies 15

16. LODES vs. CTPP LODES is NOT a substitute for CTPP – No trip characteristics in LODES (mode, travel time, departure time) Public sources of employment data for transportation planning: – Residence/Workplace locations – Origin-destination flows for work trips 16

17. LODES vs. CTPP (3-Year) Summary Characteristics LODES (2006-2008)CTPP 2006-2008 Sample Size Full enumeration for covered employment categories ~ 7 percent of households in 3-year ACS sample Geographic Coverage Excludes non-participating LED States (DC, MA, NH) Excludes counties with less than 20,000 population Employer/Industry Categories Excludes employers not subject to State UI laws All employers and industry sectors in sample universe Job Categories Includes all jobs by workers in covered employment categories Excludes second jobs by workers with multiple jobs 17

18. LODES vs. CTPP (3-Year) County Level Findings Both LODES and CTPP under report total employment by 15 – 17 %, nationally and by state – LEHD – excluded employer categories & non-LED states – CTPP – secondary work trips and suppressed data CTPP (3-Year) produces significantly higher OD trip rates than LODES, but distributes them over many fewer county pairs. 18

19. LODES vs. CTPP (2000) Tract Level Findings CTPP (2000) produced higher OD trip rates than LODES, but distributed them over many fewer Tract-to-Tract pairs. – Differences in flow rates between common Tracts were much smaller Differences in employment for individual Tracts could generally be attributed to: – Missing employment categories in LODES – New development occurring after 2000 i 19

20. Work Trip Length Distributions 20

21. General Findings LODES is a good source of data on the distribution of home-to-work flows – More comprehensive and current than CTPP LODES data should be used carefully and supplemented with local knowledge – Missing employment categories – Multiple worksite employers 21