1. SystemDesign Modelica/Dymola a multidomain modelling and simulation environment for fuel cells? SystemDesign

2. Challenge oeasy to use models for several purposes (concept studies, design, optimisation, control design, HIL- Simulation, customer consulting, life cycle cost analysis,..) ovarious time scales and granularity of modules oscales of dynamic behaviour (balance between details and speed) ohybrid process (continuous and discreet) oreuse and exchange of existing models omodel sharing

3. SystemDesign Benefits obetter understanding of behaviour and processes (complete analysis capabilities) ofaster design and evaluation of new concepts oevaluation of critical states and limits omulti-domain system integration omulti-level simulation (same component – different views) omodel exchange and modelling network

4. SystemDesign Multidomain Modelling Multidomain-Model Specialised Tools + Interfaces Modelling by Uniform Language EquationsMultiportsBlocksSystem Dynamics Excel Matlab ACSL SimulinkSTELLA BerkeleyMadonna Powersim Vensim Modelica VHDL-AMS

5. SystemDesign System Dynamics vs. Signal Flow Modelling Example omass of the incoming freight car: 60 t omass of the resting freight car: 30 t ovelocity: 3 m/s ofour buffers with spring and friction (105 mm, 30 kN, 600 kN, 200 kN) obrakes not applied

6. SystemDesign System Dynamics

7. SystemDesign Signal Flow (Simulink)

8. SystemDesign Physics of Dynamical Systems areaquantitypotential gravitationmassgravitational hydraulicsvolumepressure mechanics translationalmomentumvelocity rotationalangular moment.angular velocity thermodynamicsentropytemperature electricitychargeelectrical chemistryam. of substancechemical

9. SystemDesign dynamic systems system states processes exchange of information energy momentum, angular momentum electric charge entropy mass, amount of substance

10. SystemDesign Multiport Modelling System equations states thermal connection (temperature, heat) mechanical connection (v, p; , L; p, V) electrical connection (U, Q) 1/s

11. SystemDesign Hierarchical Aggregation Level of storages Level of phases Level of process units Structured process model Storage level library hierarchical aggregation Virtual fuel cell lab Idee und Schaubild von R. Hanke, M. Mangold und K. Sundmacher Max-Planck-Institut für Dynamik komplexer Systeme Magdeburg

12. SystemDesign VHDL-AMS vs. Modelica: resistor entity Resistor is port (terminal p, n: electrical) generic (R: REAL:= 5); end Resistor; architecture R1 of Resistor is quantity vR across iR through p to n; begin vR == R*iR; end R1; nature electrical is voltage across current through; model Resistor „einfacher Widerstand“ pin p, n; parameter SI.Resistance R = 5; protected SI.Voltage v; equation v = p.v – n.v; p.i + n.i = 0; v = R*p.i; end Resistor; connector pin SI.Voltage v; flow SI.Current i; end pin;

13. SystemDesign oobject orientated modelling language –hierarchically structured –support effective library development and model exchange –non causal modelling (differential, algebraic and discrete equation) ofor multi domain modelling (hydraulics, mechanics, electronic, thermodynamics, control engineering, …) oopen source (www.modelica.org)

14. SystemDesign Dymola

15. SystemDesign Related Tools oDymola-Simulink Interface –A Modelica model can be converted into a S-function block oIDA indoor climate and energy from Equa –Equa is working towards making IDA Simulation Environment fully Modelica compatible

16. SystemDesign Examples oHIL-Simulation of the Hydraulcs and Mechanics of on Automatic Gearbox (BMW) oModelica Application for Camless Engine Valvetrain Development (Ford) oModeling und Simulation of Refrigeration Systems with the Natural Refrigerant CO2 (Airbus) oSimulation of Thermal Building Behaviour in Modelica (Uni Kaiserslautern) oModeling of Hybrid Electric Vehicles in Modelica for Virtual Prototyping (Uni Gothenburg) oThe Modelica Flight Dynamics Library (DLR)

17. SystemDesign KTI-Projek Nr. 6225.1 oAuflaufsimulation von Personen- und Güterzügen oZiel: Modelica-Bibliothek zur Optimierung von Kupp- lungsvorgängen, Analyse des Schwingungsverhaltens und Beurteilung der Kollisionssicherheit oUmfang: –KTI-Beitrag:200‘000.- –Eigenleistung Schwab AG260‘000.- –Eigenleistung LEC 20‘000.- –Cash Schwab AG 20‘000.-