1. The intention is to furnish a psychology that shall be a natural science. Freud, 1895 Freud and the Science of the Brain

2. “Anna O” Dora

3. Objectivity (impartiality), reproducibility (generalizability), observer effect Is a science of the mind possible? Psychological ailments are real: sources must be discoverable Fliess’s nose jobs: Emma Eckstein – “Naso-genital Reflex”

4. Exoriare aliquis nostris ex ossibus ulor Last summer, while journeying on my vacation, I renewed the acquaintance of a young man… reliquaryliquid Simon of Trent Blood miracle Liquefies once a year St. Augustine (women)St. Benedict St Januaris … phial in Naples Structure of thought a-liquis A woman in Naples…

5. We do not pretend that an individual construction is anything more than a conjecture which awaits examination, confirmation or rejection. We claim no authority for it, we require no direct agreement from the patient, nor do we argue with him if at first he denies it. Freud, 1938

6. Map of world on the brain

7. Orderly brain map of visual world

8. Impossible objects What our neurons (we) look for

9. Impossible geometry

10. Contrast yields illusion

12. Contrast leads to expectation

13. A = B What we think … we see

14. concave What we think … we see

15. How we look… what we look for

16. Face Cells

17. Neuron in hippocampus activated “only” by Jennifer Aniston Nature, 2005

18. Mis-wiring  Phantom limb

19. Capgras' Delusion: Belief that some people (family members), or pets, objects or places have been replaced by impostors Fregoli’s Syndrome: I recognize A's sister. I am surprised by her beard…. Normal Disorders in perception

20. pain empathy Mirror Neuron System - empathy

21. Normal Autistic Missing in Autistic Mirror Neuron System – in Autism