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First semester Grade 10 Advanced Unit 7 Inheritance and variation Name :------------------------------------------ Class :-------------------

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1 First semester Grade 10 Advanced Unit 7 Inheritance and variation Name :------------------------------------------ Class :-------------------

2 Booklet key Means that this is aThis picture Key words links Exercises Reading text for improving language only

3 No. Pg Topic Unit 7 : Inheritance and variation 3 Chromosome structure تركيب الكروموسوم 4 Chromosomes and Chromatins الكروموسوم والكرومتيد 5 Types of variation انواع التباين 6 CONTINUOUS Variation التباين المستمر 7 DISCONTINUOUS Variation التباين المتقطع 8 Exercises تمرينات Contents Grade10A Unit 7 : Inheritance and variation

4 Unit 7 Standards: 1 Inheritance and variation 10A.12.1 Describe a chromosome and know that chromosomes carry DNA and that all somatic cells are diploid (2n), and have a double set of chromosomes, while gametes are haploid (n), having a half set of chromosomes. يصف الكروموسوم ويعرف أن الكروموسومات تحمل الحمض النووي DNAوأن جميع الخلايا الجسمية تحوي مجموعات ثنائية(2n) من الكرموسومات وأن الأمشاج تحوي مجموعات فردية(n) من الكروموسومات 10A.13.1 Identify environmental and genetic causes of variation and distinguish between continuous and discontinuous variation within a population. يحدد الأسباب البيئية والوراثية من التباين، والتمييز بين الاختلاف المستمر والمتقطع بين السكان. Grade10A Unit 7 : Inheritance and variation

5 Key Words معنى المصطلح Scientific term معنى المصطلح Scientific term sperm,chromosome, eggchromatin, continuous variation centromeres discontinuous variation somatic cell, environmental factors gamete (sex cell) genetic factorsdiploid (2n), sexual reproduction haploid (n) 2 Grade10A Unit 7 : Inheritance and variation

6 DNA - is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions specifying the biological development of all cellular forms of life هو الحامض النووي الذي يَحتوي على الأوامرَ الوراثيةَ التى تُحدّدُ الأنشطة الحيوية التي تقوم بها جميع الخلايا الحية. Diploid organism: two sets of chromosomes ( one from each parent) (2n) like : all human cells Haploid organism: one set of chromosomes (n), like : sperm or egg. Chromosome structure Nucleuse العدد الكامل للكروموسومات : عبارة عن مجموعتين من الكروموسومات ( واحدة من كل أب ) 2n ، كما في جميع الخلايا الجسمية العدد النصفي ( المختزل ) للكروموسومات : عبارة مجموعة واحدةمن الكروموسومات كما في الحيوان المنوي والبويضة. 3 Chromosome DiploidHaploid Grade10A Unit 7 : Inheritance and variation

7 Chromosomes and Chromatins Children born from the same parents all look slightly different, we call these differences variation.” الاطفال الذين يولدون من نفس الوالدين تكون بينهم بعض الاختلافات وهذا ما يسمى بالتباين Variation is the range of differences that there are between individual organisms. Variation can be within species Think of all the differences between individual humans) يحدث التباين فى افراد النوع الواحد. These are different varieties of the same species There are variations in skin colour, hair colour, hair curliness, eye colour and sexهناك تباين فى لون البشره، فى تجاعيد الشعر، ولون العيون ، والجنس. Variations may be inherited or acquired التباين هو مجموعه الاختلافات بين الكئنات الحيه توجد اصناف للنوع الواحد التباين قد يورث وقد يكتسب 4 Chromatins variation acquired inherited Grade10A Unit 7 : Inheritance and variation

8 Types of variation تباين وراثى1- Genetic variation differences that are due to the DNA inside the cells of the organism rather than the effect that its surroundings have on it. 2- Environmental variation تباين تسببه البيئه المحيطه Differences that are due to the external environment. For example availability of water, nutrients, light, prevailing winds. Here are some examples: تباين بسبب التركيب الجينى الذى يوجد فى الحمض النووى للخليه اختلافات تسببها عوامل بيئيه خارجيه Genetic and Environmental تباين وراثي وبيئي Environmental variation تباين بيئي Genetic variation تباين وراثي الذكاء Intelligenceندبه ScarEarlobes hape شكل حلمه الاذن Body massكتله الجسمSpoken النطقEye colorلون العين Height الطولNose shapeشكل الانف 5 Genetic Environmental Grade10A Unit 7 : Inheritance and variation

9 Variation Have any value between two extremes. له قيمه بين قيمتين طرفيتين E.g. Height of human مثال الطول فى الانسان Body mass of catsكتله الجسم في القطط Trumpet length of daffodilsطول بوق النرجس Leaf width of shrub عرض ورقه الشجرة Length of bacteriaطول البكتريا Variation can be CONTINUOUS, التباين المستمر 6 CONTINUOUS DISCONTINUOUS Grade10A Unit 7 : Inheritance and variation

10 in this case there only a few possible categories that the characteristic can fall into. E.g: لون الازهار فى النوع الواحد Flower color in a single species فصائل الدم عند الانسان Human blood group شكل حلمه الاذن ear lobe type Bacteria that are or are not resistant to an antibiotic Variation can be DISCONTINUOUS,التباين المتقطع البكتريا المقاومه وغير المقاومه 7 http://www.tutorvista.com/content/biology/biology-iii/heredity-and-variation/heredity-variation-animation.php Grade10A Unit 7 : Inheritance and variation

11 Question 1: Exercises Label the diagram below. اكتب البيانات 8 Grade10A Unit 7 : Inheritance and variation

12 Fill in the blank (Centromeres - Nucleus - Zygote – Chromatid) Genetic material is found in the----------------------- الماده الوراثيه توجد فى--------------------- Each individual strand of a chromosome is called a (n)---------------- الخيط الفردى للكروموسوم يسمى..................... The structure which holds two chromatids together is called the -------- التركيب الذى يربط الكروماتديدين مع بعضهما يسمى......................... Question 2: املئ الفراغات التالية بكلمات مناسبة من الأعلى 9 Grade10A Unit 7 : Inheritance and variation

13 Question 3: 10 minutes (max) Read the text below then answer the following questions. السؤال الثالث : أقرأ النص التالي ثم أجب على الأسئلة التالية : 3- Write a summary for the above text. 3 - لخص النص السابق بأسلوبك ……………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………… READING ACTIVITY 10 DNA is only as powerful as the proteins it produces. Proteins are products of gene expression that create our phenotype. Some genes work alone producing a protein that results in a phenotype for a single gene trait. Other genes work together along with the environment to create a phenotype for multifactorial conditions Grade10A Unit 7 : Inheritance and variation

14 11 Grade10A Unit 7 : Inheritance and variation


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