1. 1 Ruminant Digestion Relationships Between Organisms

2. 2 What is a ruminant? Specialized digestive system capable of digesting cellulose. Has a stomach with 4 distinct compartments Cattle, sheep, goats, deer & elk.

3. 3 Compartment Capacity Reticulum5% of capacity Rumen80% of capacity Omasum7% of capacity Abomasum8% of capacity

4. 4 Reticulum Hardware stomach Holds foreign materials like nails Omasum * Muscular section that squeezes out excess water from food products before passing along in the digestive process.

5. 5 Rumen Largest compartment Storage area Millions of bacteria and protozoa live here and break down cellulose into digestible protein and carbohydrates

6. 6 Abomasum True stomach Site of chemical digestion Digestive juices containing enzymes break down food products to be absorbed by the small intestine

7. 7 Ruminant Digestive System

8. 8 Types of Relationships between organisms Mutualismeach helps the other. Commensalismone benefits, the other does not. Parasitismone depend on the other for essential food factor, usually harmful to the host. Phoresisthe host carries the “symbiont”

9. 9 Can you guess the type of relationship between these animals?

10. 10 Commensalism What is the relationship between… A tick and a dog?

11. 11 Mutalism What is the relationship between… A human and a dairy cow?

12. 12 Parasitism What is the relationship between… A lamprey and a trout?

13. 13 Phoresis What is the relationship between… A whale and a barnacle?

14. 14 Vocabulary Review Monogastric A digestive system with one stomach compartment PolygastricA digestive system capable of breaking down cellulose into digestible protein and carbohydrates. The stomach is divided into compartments each with a specialized function. RuminantAn animal with a polygastric digestive system. RuminationPart of the process of digestion in a polygastric system where a bolus is regurgitated, re- chewed and swallowed.

15. 15 Vocabulary Review AbomasumSite of chemical digestion in a polygastric digestive system. Reticulum“hardware stomach” holding area for foreign materials in a polygastric system. RumenLargest compartment of the polygastric system, serves as a storage area. OmasumMuscular portion of the polygastric system that squeezes excess water from digested food products.

16. 16 Vocabulary Review MasticationThe act of chewing where salivary enzymes are added to food products. Bacterial digestion The bacterial and protozoa action in the rumen of a polygastric digestive system that breaks down cellulose into digestible carbohydrate and protein products and synthesizes B vitamins. BolusPartially chewed food held in the reticulum that is regurgitated, chewed completely and re- swallowed.

17. 17 Vocabulary Review ParasitismRelationship between two organisms where one depends on the other for some essential food factor, often to the detriment of the host. MutualismRelationship between two organisms where one benefits and the other doesn’t. CommensalismRelationship between two organisms where one benefits and the other doesn’t’. PhoresisRelationship between two organisms where the host transport the sybiont.