1. Ukraine and Chernobyl By: Tiffany Gorges
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2. Foreign Control
1800s: Western Ukraine was under the control of Austrians and Russia controlled the rest
1921: Western Ukraine was incorporated into Poland
Central and Eastern parts became part of Soviet Union as Ukrainian S.S.R.
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3. Ukrainian Survivors
People waiting for someone to take charge and put things back in order for their world
Ukraine became an independent state in December 1991
People felt disillusionment, discouragement, and despair
Others expressed hopefulness and enjoyment of their new found freedom

4. a1-bookmarks.com/images/ ukraine-map.gif
Bordering Countries: Belarus to the North; Russia to the Northeast and East; Moldova and Romania to the Southwest; Hungary, Slovakia, and Poland to the West.

5. Ukraine Today Second largest county in Europe
Estimated population 50 million
Size is slightly smaller than Texas
Kyyiv (Kiev), capital city, estimated pop. 2.6 million
Population
- Slowly declining
- Low fertility rates (1.29 children per woman)
- Emigration
- Population growth rate (2002)
Estimated Population as of May 2000.
images/ukraine.gi (map)

6. Living Where? 68% of population living in urban areas
32% living in rural areas
Urban growth rate expected to be 0.21 in
Approximately 85 persons/sq. km
Joel, Phillip. “Ukraine.” 1999,

7. Language, Ethnicity, and Religion
- Ukrainian is official language (spoken in Western Ukraine)
-Russian is spoken in Eastern Ukraine and Kiev
Religion
- Dominant religion is Eastern
Orthodox
- Catholics are the second
religious group
- Want to become more
religious only if a particular
religion is chosen
“The World Factbook 2002.” February 13, 2003,

8. Economic Decline
Rich farmland, good industries, highly trained labor work force….good economy?
Vast natural resource supply, but fail to capitalize on it
High rate of widespread poverty
Poor economy means job cuts
Ukraine’s economy is interrelated with the Russian economy

9. Environmental Problems
Air pollution
Pollution in the Crimean Region
-Popular vacation spot located on the Black Sea
Forest area declining
-Soil erosion increased means negative affects on agriculture
Chernobyl
20th century
Wooded area first millennium A.D.:

10. Chernobyl
Nuclear plant located 80 miles north of Kyyiv with four reactors
Environmental disaster on April 26, 1986
Reactor #4 destroyed
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11. Reactor 4 Accident Caused by human error
Poorly designed and engineered reactor
Safety standards were not maintained
Did not meet international safety standards and could not withstand a power surge
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12. Reactor 4 Accident Caused 30 deaths of power plant workers and firemen
Another 134 emergency personnel experienced acute radiation sickness
More than 4,000 Ukrainians and others have died who had taken part in the clean-up effort
Continued health effects and environmental threats

13. Radiation Effects Throughout Europe

14. Areas Still Affected by Chernobyl

15. A Current Assessment of Health Effects
Substantial increase in thyroid cancer in children if exposed before age 14
Risk of other cancers
Psychological and social effects
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16. Concerns About Reactor 4
Even though Reactor 4 is inactive there are still concerns
A concrete sarcophagus was constructed over Reactor 4
It is now cracked and in danger of collapsing
Could further contaminate surrounding areas

17. Status of the Reactors
Reactor 2-ceased operation after a fire in its turbine building in Oct. 1991; the Ukrainian government decided to decommission the unit
Reactor 1-permanently closed in Nov. 1996; in late 1998 the plant received a license to remove the fuel from the reactor
Reactor 3-was the only operating unit in the plant; it finally shut down on Dec. 15, 2002 with financial help from the international community
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18. The Final Shutdown
President Leonid Kuchma gave the final order to shut down Reactor 3 permanently
U.S. Energy Secretary Bill Ruchardson, who attended the closing ceremony said:
“It is a historic day because the closing signals the end of Chernobyl and that Ukraine is moving away from its Soviet past.”
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19. Closure Controversy
Jill Dougherty, CNN’s Moscow bureau chief, said “The closure is welcome news for the outside world, but to the residents of nearby towns, almost all of whom worked at Chernobyl, the closure is tragedy”
With the closing, almost 6,000 people will lose their jobs, although some staff will continue working at the plant
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20. Political Backlash
Many of the people who worked at Chernobyl said working there was much safer than many Russian nuclear power stations
They claim the closing was based on political grounds

21. Demanding the Reopening of Chernobyl
On Dec. 17, ,000-10,000 people gathered in Kyyiv’s Sofia Square and demanded the reopening of Chernobyl
Demanded that Ukrainian and Western governments restore benefits to some 3 million people affected by the accident
OR that Chernobyl plant be partially reopened to provide electricity and jobs

22. Reasons for the Protest
The children’s economic future has been taken away from them
Medicine is not yet provided, there is no rehabilitation, and no food since the 2002 shutdown
Western governments still have not provided funding, which was promised when the plant closed
Many local people want Chernobyl to reopen for jobs

23. Economic Boost?
Reopening Chernobyl would allow more people to be employed again
This might help create a boost in Ukraine’s struggling economy
-More income, more spending at other businesses which leads to a boost in the locate economy
-Ultimately could lead to more job opportunities for local residents in the area

24. Increased Government Funding
With a developed economy, more money can then be spent on government programs in dealing with Chernobyl
-Numerous proposals to prevent another catastrophe
-Health and environmental threats from the accident at Chernobyl can be addressed
-Help the people who are sick get better and prevent others from getting sick (precautionary measures can be taken)

25. The Future
Hopefully there is a positive outlook on the future by Ukrainian people and their government when dealing with Chernobyl
Continued research and testing is the only way to increase public confidence in the safety of nuclear power

26. Bibliography
Bilorus, Oleh G. “Opportunities in Ukraine.” Volume7, 1992.
Gregorovich, Andrew. “World War II in Ukraine: Carpatho-Ukraine ” 11 February 2003,
“Hydrogeology at UBC.”
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Joel, Phillip. “Ukraine.” 1999,
Nijnik, Dr. Maira. “Environomental Policy in Ukraine: Problems, Perspectives.” 10 February 2003,
Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Monday, April 28,
“Simple Maps of the World.” countries.htm
TED Case Study-Black Sea Pollution and Tourism. 12 February 2003,
The Marshall’s homepage. “Friends of Chernobyl’s Children Clitheroe.” Second/Pics/chernobyl.jpg
“The World Factbook 2002.” February 13, 2003,
“Ukraine.” Background Notes on Countries of the World. EBSCOHOST (Academic Search Elite), May 2000.
“Ukraine: Environmental Issues.” Energy Information Administration. January February 2003,
“World Chamber of Professional Studies.”