1. Winter 2009 Created by RKL By Hannah Reinmuth Theme 6: American Adventure “Name This American” Created by RKL

2. Winter 2009 Created by RKL Summary Slide Cause and Effect Make and Confirm Predictions Background Purpose Connotation/Denotation Test-Taking Strategies Media Messages Websites Theme 6: American Adventure “Name This American”

3. Winter 2009 Created by RKL Cause and Effect The cause is why something happens. The effect is what happens because of an event or a situation. The setting is very important to a story. Setting is made up of the time, place, and circumstances in which something happens. Look for words that signal cause-and-effect relationships, such as because, but, as a result, therefore, so, and in order to. Theme 6: American Adventure “Name This American”

4. Winter 2009 Created by RKL Cause and Effect Theme 6: American Adventure “Name This American” 1.Roberto chased the wild horse because it had killed his father. 2.The horse was very clever so the chase lasted several days. 3.Roberto knew the while stallion was near since he could hear its hoof beats. 4.The stallion was angry so it stamped the ground. 5.Because Roberto’s pony was too slow, he lost sight of the wild horse. 6.Roberto switched to a fresh horse in order to keep up with the stallion. 7.As a result of the four-day chase, Roberto was exhausted.

5. Winter 2009 Created by RKL Make and Confirm Predictions Theme 6: American Adventure “Name This American” Good readers make and confirm predictions as they read. Good readers are active readers, and they consider how a story might end. When I want to predict what might happen in a selection, I can use personal experience and the author’s words. When you are thinking about cause and effect in a story or play, you can make predictions to guess the effects that a particular event might have. Be reading further, you can confirm whether their predictions were accurate.

6. Winter 2009 Created by RKL Background – What do you know? Theme 6: American Adventure “Name This American”

7. Winter 2009 Created by RKL Babe Ruth Born George Herman Ruth in Baltimore in 1895 First great home run hitter in baseball history Set many major-league records Began career in 1914 with Baltimore Orioles, a minor league team Joined Boston Red Sox, as pitcher, in 1914 Pitched 29 consecutive scoreless innings in 1916 and 1918 World Series Traded to New York Yankees in 1920 In 1927 hit 60 home runs in 154 game season One of the first five players elected to National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1936 Died in 1948 Theme 6: American Adventure “Name This American” Back to Background

8. Winter 2009 Created by RKL Gutzon Borglum American sculptor, planned and began Mount Rushmore in South Dakota Born in Idaho in 1867? Did the head of Lincoln in rotunda of Capitol in Washington, D.C. Also did plans for Confederate Memorial on Stone Mountain, disagreement with sponsors after project was started Died before Rushmore Memorial completed Died in 1941 Son completed the Memorial Theme 6: American Adventure “Name This American” Back to Background

9. Winter 2009 Created by RKL Elizabeth Cady Stanton Early leader of women’s rights movement Born in Johnstown, New York in 1815 Married to abolitionist leader, Henry B. Stanton in 1840 With Lucretia Mott, held first women’s rights convention in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848 Also wanted women to be able to vote Founded National Woman Suffrage Association with Susan B. Anthony in 1869 In 1878 persuaded Senator Sargent of California to sponsor amendment to Consititution Amendment reintroduced every year until 1919, when Congress approved it In 1920, the Nineteenth Amendment was passed. Theme 6: American Adventure “Name This American” Back to Background

10. Winter 2009 Created by RKL Dolley Madison Best know for flight from Washington in August 1814, when British invaded during War of 1812 Saved important papers, portrait of George Washington Born in North Carolina in 1768 Wife of James Madison Helped President Jefferson as White House hostess Died in 1849 Theme 6: American Adventure “Name This American” Back to Background

11. Winter 2009 Created by RKL Queen Liliuokalani Reigned in Hawaii from 1891 to 1893 Became queen after death of her brother, King Kalakaua Born in 1838 Tried to restore monarchy’s power Best know for her son, “Aloha Oe”, the traditional farewell song of Hawaii Died in 1917 Theme 6: American Adventure “Name This American” Back to Background

12. Winter 2009 Created by RKL Maria Mitchell An American astronomer, studied sunspots Born in 1818 Discovered a comet in 1847 First woman member of American Academy of Arts and Sciences Professor of astronomy at Vassar College Died 1889 Theme 6: American Adventure “Name This American” Back to Background

13. Winter 2009 Created by RKL Walter Hunt Inventor of the safety pin, twisting wire trying to think of way to pay off debt Sold patent rights for $400 First to have a clasp and spring action Was a mechanic living in New York Also invented: knife sharpener, streetcar bell, road sweeping machinery, forerunner of Winchester repeating rifle Born in 1796 and died in 1859 Theme 6: American Adventure “Name This American” Back to Background

14. Winter 2009 Created by RKL Sacagawea Interpreter for Lewis and Clark Expedition “Bird Woman” Born in Idaho, Shoshoni Indian Sold as slave to French-Canadian trader, Charbonneau Several accounts on death…1812 along Missouri River; 1884 in Wyoming; Clark’s journal of 1825-1828 says she was dead Theme 6: American Adventure “Name This American” Back to Background

15. Winter 2009 Created by RKL Uncle Sam/Miss Liberty Statue of Liberty Gift from France in 1886 Honor of centennial of signing of Declaration of Independence Represents friendship established during Revolutionary War Became National Monument on October 15, 1924 Theme 6: American Adventure “Name This American” Back to Background Symbolizes the United States Originally unfriendly nickname for the U.S. government during War of 1812 Samuel Wilson, Army meat inspector, stamped U.S. on barrels First appeared Troy, NY newspaper in 1813 Costume started in 1830’s cartoons Congress made national symbol in 1961

16. Winter 2009 Created by RKL Purpose Read to learn more about these famous Americans. Read pp. 626 – 639, “Name This American”. Read pp. 640 – 644, “Sally Ann Thunder Ann Whirlwind Crockett”. Theme 6: American Adventure “Name This American”

17. Winter 2009 Created by RKL Connotation/Denotation Denotation is the literal or dictionary definition of a word. Connotation refers to the feelings and ideas that a word suggests. A word may have a positive or negative connotation. Many words have connotations, but not all words connote the same feelings or ideas to everyone. Recognizing a writer’s use of connotative words will help me understand and appreciate the writer’s ideas and feelings. Theme 6: American Adventure “Name This American”

18. Winter 2009 Created by RKL Connotative/Denotative Practice: Let me present that famous first lady, Dolley Madison. Let me present that distinguished first lady, Dolley Madison. Let me present that notorious first lady, Dolley Madison. He rode up on his brown horse. He rode up on his brown steed. He rode up on his brown nag. I felt ____________when I heard the news. Theme 6: American Adventure “Name This American”

19. Winter 2009 Created by RKL Test-Taking Strategies 1.Read and follow directions carefully. 2.Preview the test, scanning for key words and an overview. 3.Identify question types, such as multiple-choice, true-or-false, matching, or essay, and note questions words (who, what, when, where, why, how, and which). 4.Manage time; don’t spend too much time on one question or part of the test. 5.Review the test by checking answers and rereading directions. Theme 6: American Adventure “Name This American”

20. Winter 2009 Created by RKL Media Messages Knowing the source of the message aids in understanding and analyzing the message. Word choices, images, and even the people featured may influence how people receive and process a message. Messages can be direct—a commercial that tells you to by a certain product Messages less obvious or hidden—choice of props used in a movie scene Theme 6: American Adventure “Name This American”

21. Winter 2009 Created by RKL Media Messages Practice: A famous athlete appears in a television commercial for cereal. A newspaper ad for a community of new homes shows children in the photographs and gives information that might be important to families with children; such as playgrounds and schools. Theme 6: American Adventure “Name This American” Athletes eat this cereal; you might become a good athlete, too. Community designed for families.

22. Winter 2009 Created by RKL Websites: Author and Illustrator: Russ WilsonRuss Wilson Skills Rocket: Text Structure: Cause and EffectCause and Effect Test Tutor: Text Structure: Cause and EffectCause and Effect Grammar Practice Park: Puzzling PathwaysPuzzling Pathways Grammar Gold: Main Verbs and Helping VerbsMain Verbs and Helping Verbs Grammar Gold: Usage ProblemsUsage Problems Proofreading Practice

23. Winter 2009 Created by RKL Credits Harcourt Trophies – Distant Voyages, Chicago: Harcourt, 2003. MacMillan Connections – Landscapes, New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1987. Theme 6: American Adventure “Name This American”