1. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-1 COS 236 Day 24

2. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-2 Agenda Assignment 10 Graded –5 A’s & 2 non-submits Assignment Average Posted –2 B’s, 4 C’s & 2 D Lowest Grade posted –1 C, 1 D, 2 F’s and 3 0’s Assignment 11 Posted –Due May 3 Assignment 12 Posted –Due May 9 Last Capstone Progress Reports Due Today Today we will discuss –XML and ADO.NET –Support-Files-Chap-13-XMLSupport-Files-Chap-13-XML

3. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-3 End of days? (subject to change) April 30 –DP Chap 13 –In class work May 3 –DP Chap 15 –Assignment 11 Due May 9 –Assignment 12 due –Quiz 3 –10 AM –Capstone presentations

4. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-4 XML resources http://xml.com/ http://www.w3.org/XML/ http://www.w3schools.com/xml/ http://www.xmlfiles.com/xml/ http://perleybrook.umfk.maine.edu/slides/spring %202006/cos381/cos_381_day_15.ppthttp://perleybrook.umfk.maine.edu/slides/spring %202006/cos381/cos_381_day_15.ppt http://perleybrook.umfk.maine.edu/slides/spring %202006/cos381/cos_381_day_16.ppthttp://perleybrook.umfk.maine.edu/slides/spring %202006/cos381/cos_381_day_16.ppt

5. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-5 Overview

6. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-6 David M. Kroenke’s Chapter Thirteen: XML and ADO.NET Part Two Database Processing: Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation

7. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-7 XML Schema XML Schema is a standard for describing the content of an XML document, i.e., defining custom vocabularies: –Documents that conform to an XML Schema are called schema- valid. –An XML document can be well-formed and be neither type-valid nor schema-valid. Unlike DTDs, XML Schema documents are themselves XML documents that can be validated against the schema maintained by W3C.

8. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-8 XML Schema Document

9. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-9 Schema-Valid XML Document

10. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-10 Elements and Attributes Schemas consist of elements and attributes: –Elements are used to carry data and attributes are used to carry metadata. Two types of elements: –Simple elements have a single data value. –ComplexType elements can have one or more simple or ComplexType elements. ComplexType elements can have attributes.

11. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-11 Flat Schemas: XML Schema Flat schemas have all elements at the same level:

12. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-12 Flat Schemas: Schema-Valid Document

13. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-13 Flat Schemas: SGraphical Representation of Schema

14. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-14 Structured Schemas: XML Schema Structured schemas have defined subgroups:

15. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-15 Structured Schemas: Schema-Valid Document

16. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-16 Structured Schemas: Graphical Representation of Schema

17. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-17 David M. Kroenke’s Database Processing Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation (10 th Edition) End of Presentation: Chapter Thirteen Part Two

18. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-18 David M. Kroenke’s Chapter Thirteen: XML and ADO.NET Part Three Database Processing: Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation

19. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-19 Global Elements To eliminate the definition duplication, elements can be declared globally, i.e., reside at the top level of the schema, and then reused.

20. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-20 Global Elements : XML Schema with Global PhoneType

21. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-21 Global Elements : PhoneType Global Element

22. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-22 Global Elements : Graphical Representation of Schema

23. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-23 Creating XML Documents from Database Data Both Oracle and SQL Server can generate XML documents from database data. For Oracle — Use http://www.oracle.com/technology/tech/xml/xdkh ome.html http://www.oracle.com/technology/tech/xml/xdkh ome.html For SQL Server: –SELECT... FOR XML SELECT … FOR XML RAW — Places the values of columns as attributes in the XML document. SELECT … FOR XML AUTO, ELEMENTS — Places the values of columns as elements in the XML document. SELECT … FOR XML EXPLICIT — Allows the designation of which values of columns become attributes and elements. XML Spy can generate schemas from such output.

24. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-24 XML Schema with Multivalue Paths Some views cannot be created in a single SQL statement because the construct requires two or more multivalued paths. XML does not have this limitation. An XML document can have as many multivalued paths as necessary.

25. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-25 Multivalue Paths: XML Schema with Two Multivalued Paths

26. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-26 Multivalue Paths: Graphical View of the Schema

27. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-27 Industries with XML Industry Standards http://www.xml.org/

28. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-28 Industries with XML Industry Standards (Continued)

29. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-29 XML Standards XML: Extensible Markup Language. XSL: XSLT Stylesheet. The document that provides the {match, action} pairs and other data for XSLT to use when transforming an XML document. XSLT: A program or process that applies XSLT Stylesheets to an XML document to produce a transformed XML document. XML schema: An XML-compliant language for constraining the structure of an XML document.

30. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-30 Additional XML Standards Xpath –A sublanguage within XSLT used to identify parts of an XML document to be transformed –Can also be used for calculations and string manipulation Xpointer –A standard for linking one document to another SAX: Simple API (application program interface) for XML. –An event-based parser that notifies a program when the elements of an XML document have been encountered during document parsing

31. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-31 Additional XML Standards (Continued) DOM: Document Object Model. –An API that represents an XML document as a tree –Each node of the tree represents a piece of the XML document. –A program can directly access and manipulate a node of the DOM representation. XQuery –A standard for expressing database queries as XML documents –The structure of the query uses XPath facilities, and the result of the query is represented in an XML format. XML Namespaces: A standard for allocating terminology to defined collections –X:Name is interpreted as the element Name as defined in namespace X. –Useful for disambiguating terms

32. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-32 David M. Kroenke’s Database Processing Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation (10 th Edition) End of Presentation: Chapter Thirteen Part Three

33. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-33 David M. Kroenke’s Chapter Thirteen: XML and ADO.NET Part Four Database Processing: Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation

34. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-34 ADO.NET ADO.NET is a new, improved, and greatly expanded version of ADO that was developed for the Microsoft.NET initiative. It incorporates all of the functionality of ADO and OLE DB facilitates the transformation of XML documents to and from database constructs. It uses datasets, which are in-memory, fully- functioned, independent databases.

35. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-35 Role of ADO.NET ADO.NET serves as an intermediary between all types of.NET applications and the DBMS and database:

36. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-36 Data Provider A.NET data provider is a library of classes that provides ADO.NET services. Microsoft’s provides three data providers: –OLE DB data provider can be used to process any OLE DB-compliant data source. –SQLClient data provider is purpose-built for use with SQL Server. –OracleClient data provider is purpose-built for use with Oracle. http://www.oracle.com/technology/tech/dotnet/index.html

37. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-37 Data Provider Components A connection object is similar to the OBDC’s connection object. A command object is created on an established connection. A data reader provides read-only, forward-only, fast access to database data. An application can get and put data to and from the database using the command object. A dataset is an in-memory database that is disconnected from any regular database. –It distinguishes ADO.NET from the previous data access technology.

38. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-38 Data Provider Components (Continued)

39. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-39 The ADO.NET Dataset A dataset is an in-memory database that is disconnected from any regular database. Datasets can have: –Multiple tables, views, and relationships Tables may have surrogate key (auto increment columns), primary keys, and be declared as unique. –Referential integrity rules and actions –The equivalent of triggers Datasets may be constructed from several different databases and managed by different DBMS products.

40. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-40 Dataset Advantages Dataset contents and its XML schema can be easily formatted as an XML document. Also, XML schema documents can be read to create the structure of the dataset, and XML documents can be read to fill the dataset. Datasets are needed to provide a standardized, non- proprietary means to process database views. –This is important for the processing of views with multiple multi- value paths.

41. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-41 Dataset Disadvantages Because dataset data are disconnected from regular database, only optimistic locking can be used when updating the regular database with the dataset. In the case of conflict, either the dataset must be reprocessed or the data change must be forced onto the database, causing the lost update problem. Thus, datasets cannot be used for applications in which optimistic locking is problematical. –Instead, the ADO.NET command object should be used.

42. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-42 ADO.NET: Creating the Dataset, Connection, and Data Adapter

43. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-43 ADO.NET: Using the Data Adapter to Fill the Dataset Tables

44. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-44 ADO.NET: Building Relationships

45. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-45 ADO.NET: Creating Referential Integrity Constraints

46. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-46 ADO.NET: Adding a Computed Column to a Data Table

47. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-47 ADO.NET: Using Data Grids – Filling the Grids with Dataset Tables

48. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-48 ADO.NET: Using Data Grids — Grid Display in Brower

49. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-49 David M. Kroenke’s Chapter Thirteen: XML and ADO.NET Part Five Database Processing: Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation

50. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-50 ADO.NET: Code to Generate an XML Document from the Dataset

51. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-51 ADO.NET: Portion of XML Document Generated from the Dataset

52. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-52 ADO.NET: Code to Generate an XML Schema from the Dataset

53. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-53 ADO.NET: Portion of XML Schema Generated from the Dataset

54. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-54 ADO.NET: Updating a Dataset and Database — Update Code

55. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-55 ADO.NET: Updating a Dataset and Database — Trigger-Like Event

56. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-56 ADO.NET: Updating a Dataset and Database Display RowVersion Code

57. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-57 ADO.NET: Updating a Dataset and Database Creating the Update Command

58. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-58 ADO.NET: Updating a Dataset and Database Log Showing Dataset Updates

59. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-59 ADO.NET: Updating a Dataset and Database Dataset Tables after Update

60. DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 13-60 David M. Kroenke’s Database Processing Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation (10 th Edition) End of Presentation: Chapter Thirteen Part Five