1. CD and DVD Technologies James Lehman EDCI 663 Purdue University

2. CD-DA The digital audio CD (CD-DA) was developed by Sony and Philips following development of the laser videodisc. The digital audio CD (CD-DA) was developed by Sony and Philips following development of the laser videodisc. The standard was defined in 1982 as the “Red Book” standard. The standard was defined in 1982 as the “Red Book” standard. It was an immediate consumer success. It was an immediate consumer success.

3. CD-DA CDs are 12 cm (4.72 in) in diameter (compared to 12 inches for videodiscs). CDs are 12 cm (4.72 in) in diameter (compared to 12 inches for videodiscs). Audio CDs hold up to 72 minutes of 16 bit audio sampled at 44.1 KHz. Audio CDs hold up to 72 minutes of 16 bit audio sampled at 44.1 KHz.

4. CD-ROM Sony and Philips developed the CD- ROM as an offshoot of the audio CD. Sony and Philips developed the CD- ROM as an offshoot of the audio CD. The original standard was defined in 1983-84 with the release of the “Yellow Book” standards. The original standard was defined in 1983-84 with the release of the “Yellow Book” standards. CD-ROM XA extended the standard format, interleaving audio and video, to better support multimedia. CD-ROM XA extended the standard format, interleaving audio and video, to better support multimedia.

5. CD-ROM CD-ROMs hold up to 650 MB of data. CD-ROMs hold up to 650 MB of data. Error correction limits errors to 1 in 10 trillion. Error correction limits errors to 1 in 10 trillion. Because they were designed as a mass storage medium for computers, CD-ROMs made for one computer platform often do not work on a different platform. Because they were designed as a mass storage medium for computers, CD-ROMs made for one computer platform often do not work on a different platform.

6. CD-ROM The original standards did not take into account the file system. High Sierra was the first effort to standardize file formats. It uses mainly the old MS-DOS format. The original standards did not take into account the file system. High Sierra was the first effort to standardize file formats. It uses mainly the old MS-DOS format. HFS supports Apple file names, Rock Ridge supports UNIX, Joliet supports Windows long file names. HFS supports Apple file names, Rock Ridge supports UNIX, Joliet supports Windows long file names.

7. Recordable CD-ROMs Recordable CD formats were defined by the “Orange Book” standards. Recordable CD formats were defined by the “Orange Book” standards. Today, CD-R and CD-RW drives are commonplace, and media costs have declined sharply. Today, CD-R and CD-RW drives are commonplace, and media costs have declined sharply.

8. Other CD Formats CD Extra (Blue Book) – Audio CD with visual add-ons. CD Extra (Blue Book) – Audio CD with visual add-ons. CD-I (Green Book) – now defunct multimedia CD format CD-I (Green Book) – now defunct multimedia CD format Photo CD – Kodak’s format for storing photos on CD Photo CD – Kodak’s format for storing photos on CD Video CD (White Book) – Old video CD format that supports 74 minutes of MPEG-1 video on a CD Video CD (White Book) – Old video CD format that supports 74 minutes of MPEG-1 video on a CD

9. CD Family Tree

10. DVD Proposed by a consortium in 1995, DVD originally stood for “Digital Video Disc” then “Digital Versatile Disk.” Now, it’s just DVD. Proposed by a consortium in 1995, DVD originally stood for “Digital Video Disc” then “Digital Versatile Disk.” Now, it’s just DVD. DVD-Video and DVD-ROM standards were released in 1996. DVD-audio was defined in 1999. DVD-Video and DVD-ROM standards were released in 1996. DVD-audio was defined in 1999.

11. DVD Consumer products first appeared in 1997. While slow to catch on at first, DVD is now the most successful consumer electronics innovation in history. Consumer products first appeared in 1997. While slow to catch on at first, DVD is now the most successful consumer electronics innovation in history. There are now over 55 million DVD- video players in the U.S., and over 100 million DVD-ROM drives are installed worldwide. There are now over 55 million DVD- video players in the U.S., and over 100 million DVD-ROM drives are installed worldwide.

12. DVD-Video A standard (DVD-5) DVD-Video disk holds 133 minutes of video encoded in MPEG-2 format. A standard (DVD-5) DVD-Video disk holds 133 minutes of video encoded in MPEG-2 format. Like videodiscs, DVD-Video supports multiples languages, still frames, searching, etc. Like videodiscs, DVD-Video supports multiples languages, still frames, searching, etc. Though little used, the DVD-Video format is capable of supporting a multiple camera angle feature. Though little used, the DVD-Video format is capable of supporting a multiple camera angle feature.

13. DVD-ROM DVD-ROM is the larger cousin of CD- ROM. One can hold 4.7 GB of data. DVD-ROM is the larger cousin of CD- ROM. One can hold 4.7 GB of data. Recordable DVD formats are still not standardized. However, recorders and players are now available that support most of the competing formats. Recordable DVD formats are still not standardized. However, recorders and players are now available that support most of the competing formats.

14. DVD-Audio DVD-Audio supports high-quality surround sound (5.1 channel) audio at sampling rates of 44.1 KHz to 96 KHz and with greater frequency range than on CD-DA disks. DVD-Audio supports high-quality surround sound (5.1 channel) audio at sampling rates of 44.1 KHz to 96 KHz and with greater frequency range than on CD-DA disks. Extras such as images and notes can also be included. Extras such as images and notes can also be included. DVD-Audio products are now beginning to appear. DVD-Audio products are now beginning to appear.

15. DVD Types/Formats Types of DVDNotes DVD-VideoSupports high-quality MPEG-2 video, surround sound, multiple displays, and user interaction for non- linear applications DVD-AudioHigh-quality surround sound, capacity greater than CDs; backward player compatibility; ability to include extra content such as videos, stills, etc. DVD-ROMFormat for both computer and TV applications; backward player compatibility; single file system; large capacity DVD-RRecordable single or double-sided with 3.95 - 4.7 Gb per side; compatible with DVD-Video, DVD- Audio and DVD-ROM; multisession capable DVD-RWRewritable single or double-sided with up to 4.7 Gb per side; rewritable; drives now produced by Pioneer and others but challenged by DVD+RW DVD+RWRewritable DVD disc designed from the outset to be compatible with all existing formats; challenging DVD-RW and DVD-RAM DVD-RAMRewritable single or double-sided with 2.6 - 4.7 Gb per side, uses Zoned CLV format which is not compatible with other DVD formats DVD FormatsCapacityLayersSidesNotes DVD-54.7 Gb11Basic format – one side and one layer DVD-98.5 Gb21Dual layers of data on one side DVD-109.4 Gb12Both sides of the disc used DVD-1817 Gb22Two sides and two layers

16. Next Generation Two competing formats are now vying to be the next generation DVD: Two competing formats are now vying to be the next generation DVD: Blu-Ray from SonyBlu-Ray from Sony HD-DVD from ToshibaHD-DVD from Toshiba Blu-Ray has a larger storage capacity (25 GB vs 15 GB), but HD-DVD promises to be less expensive. Blu-Ray has a larger storage capacity (25 GB vs 15 GB), but HD-DVD promises to be less expensive. The marketplace will determine the preferred format. The marketplace will determine the preferred format.

17. Questions?