1. Integrated Effects of Disruptions and ELMs on Divertor and Nearby Components Valeryi Sizyuk Ahmed Hassanein School of Nuclear Engineering Center for Materials Under eXtreme Environment Purdue University PFC community meeting at UCLA August 4-6, 2010, Los Angeles CA

2. 2 ITER Divertor Coordinate System HEIGHTS 3-D Coordinate System Design taken from: J. Palmer et al., Recent developments towards ITER 2001 divertor maintenance, Fusion Eng. & Design, 75-79 583 (2005) Application to ITER Divertor Area

3. 3 Outline HEIGHTS Integrated Package Divertor Nearby Fluxes and Assumptions Application to ITER Divertor Area Simulation Results HEIGHTS Upgrade and Current Status Summary

4. 4 Recent Publications ELMs and Disruptions 1.V. Sizyuk and A. Hassanein, Damage to nearby divertor components of ITER-like devices during giant ELMs and disruptions, Nucl. Fusion (2010), Just submitted 2.A. Hassanein, T. Sizyuk, V. Sizyuk, G. Miloshevsky, Impact of various plasma instabilities on reliability and performance of tokamak fusion devices, Fusion Eng. Des., In Press, (2010) 3.S. El-Morshedy, A. Hassanein, Analysis, verification, and benchmarking of the transient thermal hydraulic ITERTHA code for the design of ITER divertor, Fusion Eng. Des., In Press, (2010) 4.A. Hassanein, T. Sizyuk, I. Konkashbaev, Integrated simulation of plasma surface interaction during edge localized modes and disruptions: Self-consistent approach, J. Nucl. Mater., 390-391 777 (2009) HEIGHTS Integrated Package

5. 5 Recent Publications (Cont.) Vertical Displacement Events 1.A. Hassanein and T. Sizyuk, Comprehensive simulation of vertical plasma instability events and their serious damage to ITER plasma facing components, Nucl. Fusion, 48 115008 (2008) 2.A. Hassanein, T. Sizyuk, M. Ulrickson, Vertical displacement events: A serious concern in future ITER operation, Fusion Eng. Des., 83 1020 (2008) 3.S. El-Morshedy, A. Hassanein, Transient thermal hydraulic modeling and analysis of ITER divertor plate system, Fusion Eng. Des., 84 2158 (2009) Runaway Electrons 1.V. Sizyuk and A. Hassanein, Self-consistent analysis of the effect of runaway electrons on plasma facing components in ITER, Nucl. Fusion, 49 095003 (2009) HEIGHTS Integrated Package

6. 6 Capabilities of Integrated HEIGHTS Analysis HEIGHTS Integrated Package Energy Deposition (Ions, Plasma, Laser, Electrons) Target Thermal Conduction & Hydraulics

7. 7 Physical Processes, an Integrated Approach  Monte Carlo algorithm for SOL plasma impact: – Ions, electrons (initial and secondary), photons (secondary); – 3D Energy deposition into solid and plasma in magnetic field; – All scattering processes including Bremsstrahlung, Compton Absorption, Photoabsorption, and Auger Relaxation  Thermal conduction: – Implicit scheme for heat conduction in plasma; – Explicit scheme for the heat conduction in liquid target; – Vaporization model for the solid target  MHD: – Total variation diminishing scheme in Lax-Friedrich formulation; – Magnetic field divergence correction; – Implicit scheme for magnetic diffusion  Radiation transport: – Weighted Monte Carlo algorithms; – More than 2500 spectral groups for divertor plasma; – Full 3D simulation HEIGHTS Integrated Package

8. 8 HEIGHTS modeling of LOFA and comparison with experimental data * * T.D. Marshall et al., Fusion Technology, 37 38 (2000) W of 0.8-mm thick W of 0.1-mm thick Modeling of Runaway Electrons Energy Deposition and Structural Response Major Results: VDE and Runaway Electrons HEIGHTS Integrated Package

9. 9 Major Results: ELM and Disruptions Tungsten Surface Temperature as a function of ELM Intensity for 1 ms-duration Tungsten Surface Temperature as a function of ELM Intensity for 1 ms-duration A. Hassanein, T. Sizyuk, I. Konkashbaev, J. Nucl. Mater., 390-391 777 (2009) Depth of Tungsten Melting under Boron Layer B-W Combination (GA concept) C.P.C. Wong, "Innovative tokamak DEMO first wall and divertor material concepts", J. Nucl. Mater., 390-391 1026 (2009) HEIGHTS Integrated Package

10. 10 Research Objective Divertor Nearby Fluxes and Assumptions Radiation to divertor nearby surfaces during ELM and disruption Predicting heat loads in comparison to the strike-point 3D ITER Geometry Integrated Model Self-consistent Physical Processes ITER ELM Parameters: Predicted: "In a multi-device comparison it was found that the relative ELM size scales inversely with pedestal collisionality. Given the required high T ped, this scaling predicts an unacceptably large ELM size, ∆W ELM /W ped > 15%, for ITER.“ * * M.N.A. Beurskens et al., Plasm Phys. Control. Fusion, 51 124051 (2009) Desirable: "A maximum tolerable ELM energy loss limit of ∆W ELM = 1 MJ, which corresponds to ∼ 1% of the pedestal stored energy ∆W ped has recently been set.“ ** ** A. Zhitlukhin et al., J. Nucl. Mater., 363-365 301 (2007)

11. 11 HEIGHTS Computational Domain Carbon Application to ITER Divertor Area

12. 12 Plasma Impact @ ITER Divertor Surface T = 3.5 keV Q ped = 126 MJ R div = 6.5 m B = 5.0 T  = 5.0 deg Exponential distribution in SOL Giant ELM Q ELM  10% Q ped Disruption Q D  Q ped t = 0.1 – 1.0 ms Simulation Results

13. 13 Spatial Energy Deposition Simulation Results

14. 14 Divertor Erosion Profiles Simulation Results

15. 15 Divertor Plasma Density Evolution 1.0 ms giant ELM Simulation Results

16. 16 Radiation Fluxes Evolution Nearby Divertor Plate 1.0 ms giant ELM Simulation Results

17. 17 Divertor Heat Load and Erosion 0.1 ms, 12.6 MJ Simulation Results Plasma Impact Dominance

18. 18 Divertor Heat Load and Erosion 0.1 ms, 126 MJ Simulation Results Irradiation Dominance

19. 19 Radiation Energy Deposition during ELM Energy deposition at the strike point: W t = W imp + W rad 182.8 = 143.3 + 39.5 180.8 = 148.1 + 32.7 90.7 = 77.9 + 12.8 [J/cm 2 ] Simulation Results Radiation energy, J/cm 2

20. 20 Radiation Energy Deposition during Disruption Energy deposition at the strike point: W t = W imp + W rad 248.9 = 161.1 + 87.8 60.8 = 6.5 + 54.3 [J/cm 2 ] Simulation Results Radiation energy, J/cm 2

21. 21 ITER Divertor Design Upgrade Design taken from: R.A. Pitts et al., Status and physics basis of the ITER divertor, Phys. Scr., T138 014001 (2009) HEIGHTS Upgrade and Current Status ?

22. 22 5 Layers Geometry AMR 4 3 2 1 0 HEIGHTS Upgrade and Current Status

23. 23 Magnetic Field Reconstruction HEIGHTS Upgrade and Current Status

24. 24 Summary and Conclusion HEIGHTS models and simulation package are upgraded and applied to plasma evolution in divertor nearby areas during ITER giant ELM and disruptions Heat loads and erosion of carbon vertical target were calculated for ITER-like geometry Simulation confirmed that nearby divertor surfaces may have radiation fluxes comparable with values incident on the vertical target => Damage to nearby components The simulation results prove necessity of future model and code enhancement to the new design and its optimization More detail analysis will be available: V. Sizyuk and A. Hassanein, “Damage to nearby divertor components of ITER- like devices during giant ELMs and disruptions,” Nucl. Fusion (2010), Submitted. Thank you very much for the attention