1. Mid#1 Revision

2. CH1 Mind map

3. Ch2 Mind map

4. Types of Questions Short Answers (essay) True/False MCQ Problems Code to trace

5. Short Answer Q: what is the benefit of using the TOP command? –it is useful for showing which processes are consuming the most OS resources at any time. Q: What is the difference between heap and stack? –Stack: for keeping track of subroutine calls. –Heap: for Intermediate data computation.

6. Short Answers Define a monolithic kernel and compare it to a microkernel? A monolithic kernel essentially is designed to have all the system services encapsulated in one module with a tight communication and sharing of structures between the individual OS components. As opposed to a microkernel which takes the different tact of providing a set of minimal functions in the kernel and implement higher level OS features in other modules (running either in user mode or kernel mode). As monolithic kernel if it can be made bug free can on average perform better than a microkernel system that has some additional communication overhead between components.

7. Short Answers What is the purpose of interrupts? What are the differences between a trap and an interrupt? Can traps be generated intentionally by a user program? If so, for what purpose? (from your textbook) Answer: An interrupt is a hardware-generated change-of- flow within the system. An interrupt handler is summoned to deal with the cause of the interrupt; control is then returned to the interrupted context and instruction. A trap is a software-generated interrupt. An interrupt can be used to signal the completion of an I/O to obviate the need for device polling. A trap can be used to call operating system routines or to catch arithmetic errors.

8. True or False Process scheduler selects an available process for program execution on the CPU. The operating system uses short term scheduler to schedule processes for the first few hours after booting a machine. Afterwards, it uses the long term scheduler. The specific durations to use the short term and long term scheduler can be configured while building the kernel. True or False?

9. MCQ Which context switch is faster? –Between threads. –Between processes. A process created by using the fork() system call in UNIX –Shares its address space with its parent. –Gets an identical copy of the address space of its parent.

10. Problems In a short-term scheduler it takes 10ms to decide to execute a process for 50ms, what percent of the CPU time is being wasted by scheduling time? 10/(50+10)=6 % Code to Trace - similar to what has been covered in the Tutorial.