1. The Korus FTA Will Lead to Higher Drug Prices in Korea
Mike Palmedo, Research Coordinator
Program on Information Justice and Intellectual Property
American University, Washington College of Law
June 3, Seoul, Republic of Korea

2. IPR Chapter of the New Trade Policy for America
Though portrayed in the media as a compromise, language on access to medicines still TRIPS-Plus.
The intellectual property section is meant to increase access to medicines in “developing countries.” It is meant for the FTAs with Peru, Panama, and Colombia.

3. Korus FTA & New Trade Policy for America’s IP Guidelines
“Most of the IP provisions do not apply to the Korus FTA. The one provision that would apply is point 3(d).”
Ways and Means Staff May 29, 2007

4. Data Exclusivity Korus FTA New Trade Policy
Five year period of data exclusivity for New Chemical Entities.
Three year period of data exclusivity for drugs that are not NCEs, but required clinical testing for approval.
Non-concurrent periods of exclusivity if approval in one nation is based on approval in another
New Trade Policy
Five year period of data exclusivity for New Chemical Entities.
Concurrent periods of exclusivity if approval in one nation is based on approval in another

5. “Linkage” New Trade Policy Korus FTA
“No requirement that the drug regulatory agency withhold approval of a generic until it can certify that no patent would be violated if the generic were marketed.”
Korus FTA
Parties must “implement measures in its marketing approval process to prevent… other persons from marketing a product without the consent or acquiescence of the patent owner during the term of a patent.”

6. Patent Extensions New Trade Policy Korus FTA
Parties “may” include patent extensions to make up for delays in the granting of either a patent or marketing approval.
Korus FTA
Parties “shall” include patent extensions to make up for delays in the granting of either a patent or marketing approval.

7. Second Use Patents New Trade Policy Korus FTA
Second use patents not covered.
Korus FTA
Second use patents mandatory.

8. Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Chapter Attacks the Negotiations for Reimbursement Rates

9. Scope of Medicines Section
US-Australia FTA
“Annex 2(c): Pharmaceuticals”
Korus FTA
“Chapter 5: Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices

10. “Innovative” or “Patented”
US-Australia FTA
Parties committed to “the need to promote timely and affordable access to innovative pharmaceuticals."
Korus FTA
Parties committed to “access to high-quality patented and generic pharmaceutical products and medical devices.”
When determining reimbursement for a specific product, parties shall "appropriately recognize the value of patented pharmaceutical products and medical devices in the amount of reimbursement it provides."

11. Transparency US-Australia FTA Korus FTA
Ensure decisions within a specified period of time
Disclose "procedural“ rules and guidelines used to assess a proposed listing
Make available an “independent review process”
Korus FTA
Includes all of the mandates found in the US-Australia FTA
Obstacles to any future reform of reimbursement system.
Make available an “independent review body”

12. The Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Chapter Will Affect Korea, But U.S. Drug Price Negotiations Are Largely Unaffected

13. Footnote 1 - Excluding Military Healthcare in U.S.
Pharmaceutical formulary development and management shall be considered to be an aspect of government procurement of pharmaceutical products for healthcare agencies that engage in government procurement. Chapter Seventeen (Government Procurement) and not the provisions of this Chapter shall govern government procurement of pharmaceutical products.

14. State Governments in the U. S
State Governments in the U.S. Negotiate Reimbursement Rates for Pharmaceuticals for Poor and Disabled Patients through Medicaid

15. State Senators Warn USTR About US-Australia FTA Threat to Medicaid
“The AUFTA undercuts the ability of states to consider cost effectiveness as a factor when deciding to grant preferred status to a drug. California's preferred drug list (PDL) promotes the most cost-effective and therapeutically advantageous products, while discouraging more expensive alternatives that are found to have no real benefit in regard to patient care. Any loss in bargaining power on behalf of the State will increase costs, thus limiting the overall effectiveness of California programs.”
California State Senators
Liz Figueroa and Sheila Kuehl

16. USTR Attacks Health Reforms During Korus FTA Negotiations
“…the decision to proceed with this plan is inconsistent with both the mandate of the pharmaceuticals working group and the market opening spirit of the KORUS FTA…
…The positive list system as explained to our delegation by the Ministry of Health would discriminate against innovative drugs which are the types of drugs that are mainly supplied by U.S. and other foreign companies.”
-Assistant US Trade Representative Wendy Cutler
Chief US Negotiator for the US-Korea FTA

17. Carve-Out for State Medicaid Programs
health care program operated by a Party’s central level of government means a health care program in which the health care authorities of a Party's central level of government make the decisions regarding matters to which this Chapter applies;[3]
FOOTNOTE 3:
For greater certainty, Medicaid is a regional level of government health care program in the United States, not a central level of government program.

18. Three Things to Remember
The Korus FTA intellectual property chapter will delay generic competition.
The New Trade Policy for America does not apply to the intellectual property chapter of the Korus FTA.
The Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Chapter will encourage the Korean National Health Insurance to favor expensive, brand-name drugs.

19. wcl.american.edu/pijip