1. 1 結構防振液流阻尼器之研發及應用研討會 (95.2.11) 實驗案例 Shaking Table Test of Full Scale Structure Controlled with Fluid Dampers (EASEC-9, Bali, Indonesia, 2003.12.16-18, ppVID1-7) Deh-Shiu Hsu, Yung-Feng Lee, Guan-Kai Wang and Chien- Yaun Hou Department of Civil Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C

2. 2 Efforts for produce fluid dampers in Taiwan: Performance test for the devices ： small scale, full scale Shaking table structural test ： model structures, full scale structures

3. 3 Prototype of the damper Fig.1

4. 4 Test installation for cyclic dynamic performance test data acquisition system Pumping system load cell damper actuator Fig.2

5. 5 Benchmark structure installed with fluid dampers —prepared for shaking table test Height : 3.0m in each story Span : 4.5m×3.0m Column : H200×204×12×12 Beam : H200×150×6×9 length of damper : 1.077m linked member : 2.85m steel tube dampers are linked in diagonal direction with pin joints at corner of the 4.5m spans. Fig.3

6. 6 Sketch of the test installation for 3-stories steel frame strain gage load cell LVDT accelerometer Fig.4

7. 7 Physical properties of dampers are detected by cyclic dynamic test. Damper number C1C2C3C4C5C6 C(kN*s/mm)0.250.81.01.31.83 K(kN/mm)0.40.92.02.5410 Table 1

8. 8 Hysteresis loop of C1 to C6 dampers

9. 9 Earthquake damper various installation installed test cases: 1.PGA 300gal El Centro (May,1940) 2. PGA 800gal JiJi (Sept,1999) 1.C1 2.C2 3.C3 4.C4 5.C5 6.C6 1.Dampers are installed at the lst floor only. 2.Dampers are installed at the l st and 2 nd floors. 3.Dampers are installed at the l st and 3 rd floors. 4.Damper are installed at all of the three floors. Fig.6 totally 48 cases.

10. 10 Earthquake excitations: (a) 1940, EL Centro, 300gal (b) 1999, JiJi EQ, 800gal Fig.7

11. 11 Table 2 Test Results : responses of the benchmark structure (without damper installed) EQPGA(gal)1st floor2nd floor3rd floor floor displacement (mm) EL Centro30044.1782.9110.9 JiJi80049.377.1104.8 floor acceleration (g) EL Centro3000.440.490.67 JiJi8000.930.660.96 column base shear (kN) EL Centro30036.8 JiJi80043.4 axial force of S-column (kN) EL Centro30089.1 JiJi80083.8 axial force of N-column (kN) EL Centro30089.1 JiJi80083.8

12. 12 Table 3 Test Results : Displacement and its control efficiency when C1 damper is installed floor floor installed with damper EL Centro 300 galJiJi 800 gal displacement (mm) control efficiency (%) displacement (mm) control efficiency (%) 1 1F23.44735.528 1,3F20.25432.335 1,2F14.76628.642 1,2,3F15.06623.652 2 1F47.44367.612 1,3F43.24861.920 1,2F29.66452.432 1,2,3F27.36742.345 3 1F68.33884.120 1,3F55.25078.525 1,2F42.86163.439 1,2,3F35.06853.549

13. 13 Table 4 Test Results : Acceleration and its control efficiency when C1 damper is installed floor floor installed with damper EL Centro 300 galJiJi 800 gal acceleration (g) control efficiency (%) acceleration (g) control efficiency (%) 1 1F 0.29 34 0.58 38 1,3F 0.27 39 0.58 38 1,2F 0.23 48 0.48 48 1,2,3F 0.24 45 0.42 55 2 1F 0.37 24 0.74 -12 1,3F 0.35 29 0.39 41 1,2F 0.26 47 0.51 23 1,2,3F 0.25 49 0.35 47 3 1F 0.59 12 0.76 21 1,3F 0.46 31 0.54 44 1,2F 0.40 40 0.72 25 1,2,3F 0.32 52 0.47 51

14. 14 Table 5 Test Results : Shear force and max. axial force with its control efficiency of the column at 1st floor when C1 damper is installed floor installed with damper EL Centro 300 galJiJi 800 gal Maximum ( k N) control efficiency (%) Maximum (kN) control efficiency (%) Column shear force 1F21.174331.2428 1,3F18.365027.8036 1,2F12.906525.3042 1,2,3F13.306421.2651 Axial force in S-column 1F62.962972.3014 1,3F57.703569.5017 1,2F45.104969.2017 1,2,3F42.205364.4023 Axial force in N-column 1F70.802187.80-3 1,3F60.003383.602 1,2F52.204175.3012 1,2,3F51.034371.8016

15. 15 As an example, when C1 damper is installed in all of the floors. Fig.8 damping ratio of the structure is increased by 32%

16. 16 Fig.9 Hysteresis loops of the damper installed at the 1st floor in the case of damper installed in all of three floors and subject to EL Centro earthquake.

17. 17 Fig.10 Hysteresis loops of the damper installed at the 1st floor in the case of damper installed in all of three floors and subject to JiJi earthquake.

18. 18 Numerical analysis: (selected example) Numerical analysis by software package SAP2000N is also performed and then compared to the test data. Fig.11 Comparison of theoretical and experimental results.

19. 19 Conclusions: In order to develop the potential of locally product dampers, research is needed and many of tests have to be taken to fulfill the needs of design requirements and to guarantee the quality of the products. What we have done in Taiwan do have enriching the confidence to introduce the technique to construction and designing engineers.

20. 20 Carefully seismic design is very much needed before the aseismatic engineering measures are executed. Static and dynamic properties of energy dissipation devices should be very well understood. In addition, the location, as well as the number of damper intended to be installed should be analysed and designed in detail before the control system is applied to the real project. Here is an example which negative control result is obtained.

21. 21 Example : Failed control design with improper damper installed system C6 damper is installed at 1,2, and 3 floors and subjected to JiJi earthquake. The Figure shows the negative acceleration control results. Fig.12 Improper design

22. 22 Thanks for attention!