3. WHAT IS SOCIAL CLASS? PEOPLE SIMILAR IN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL STATUS, EDUCATION, WAYS OF LIFE, ATTITUDES AND BELIEFS TWO MAJOR ASPECTS MATERIAL RESOURCES – FINANCIAL CULTURE - EDUCATION, TASTE

4. MEASURES INCOME EDUCATION COMBINATION (UPPER; MIDDLE; WORKING; LOWER) STATUS INCONGRUITY

5. CAUSE AND EFFECT CAUSATION - SOCIAL CLASS PRECEDES M.I. MORE ACUTE AND CHRONIC STRESSORS MORE VULNERABILITY WORSE TREATMENT IF CAUSE -RESOURCES OR CULTURE?

6. SOCIAL CLASS AS EFFECT SELECTION - M.I. PRECEDES SOCIAL CLASS DOWNWARD DRIFT

8. FARIS AND DUNHAM CHICAGO 1939 ADMISSIONS TO MENTAL HOSPITALS BY AREAS OF CITY NO ASSOCIATION BETWEEN RESIDENCE AND BI-POLAR STRONG ASSOCIATION BETWEEN RESIDENCE IN CENTRAL CITY AND SCHIZOPHRENIA (9x DIFFERENCE)

9. FARIS AND DUNHAM ORIGINALLY SAID ISOLATION OF CENTRAL CITY CAUSES SCHIZ. LATER CHANGED MIND AND SAID PEOPLE FIRST BECOME SCHIZ AND THEN MOVED TO CENTRAL CITY SELECTION

10. RECENT STUDIES SCHIZ ALWAYS ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER SOCIAL CLASS WHAT IS CAUSE AND WHAT EFFECT? LOOK AT PARENTS’ SOCIAL CLASS SELECTION MORE THAN CAUSATION DOWNWARD DRIFT BIPOLAR NOT RELATED TO S.C.

12. INCOME AND M.I. INCOME DEPRESSIONANXIETY 0 – 191.562.00 20 - 341.191.52 35 - 691.191.48  70 1.00

13. INCOME AND M.I. INCOME S.U. ANY> ONE 0 - 191.271.462.46 20 - 341.061.211.71 35 - 691.061.211.55 > 701.00

14. NON-PSYCHOTIC LOWER CLASS ALWAYS HIGHEST SOMETIMES INVERSE, SOMETIMES NOT STRONGEST FOR ANXIETY WEAKEST FOR SUBSTANCE ABUSE LOWER CLASS ESPECIALLY LIKELY TO HAVE COMORBID DISORDERS

15. REASONS FOR NON- PSYCHOTIC CAUSATION NOT SELECTION STRESSORS MODEST RELATIONSHIP WITH ACUTE LIFE EVENTS STRONGER RELATIONSHIP WITH CHRONIC STRESSORS

16. OCCUPATIONAL REASONS (LENNON) HIGHER SOCIAL CLASSES HAVE MORE AUTONOMY AND CONTROL OVER WORK HIGHER SOCIAL CLASSES HAVE FEWER PHYSICAL STRESSORS OF WORK HIGHER SOCIAL CLASSES HAVE MORE JOB STABILITY

17. VULNERABILITY LOW SOCIAL CLASS ESPECIALLY VULNERABLE TO STRESSORS LESS ADEQUATE MATERIAL SUPPORT AND COPING LEADS TO LONGER DURATION AND POORER PROGNOSIS FOR LOWER CLASSES

19. SOCIAL CLASS AND TREATMENT INCIDENCE = NEW CASES PREVALENCE = ALL CASES PREVALENCE = INCIDENCE + REENTRY + CONTINUOUS HOLLINGSHEAD AND REDLICH STUDY OF NEW HAVEN IN 1950s

20. TREATMENT OF PSYCHOSES

21. NO S.C. DIFFERENCES IN INCIDENCE EXCEPT LOWER CLASS HAS MORE STRONG INVERSE RELATIONSHIP OF SOCIAL CLASS AND PREVALENCE OF PSYCHOSES

22. EXPLANATIONS MORE CONTINUING STRESSORS FOR LOWER CLASS WORSE PSYCHIATRIC TREATMENT FOR LOWER CLASS MORE COMMUNITY SUPPORT FOR HIGHER CLASSES LONGER DURATION AND WORSE PROGNOSIS FOR LOWER CLASSES

23. TREATMENT OF NEUROSES

24. TREATMENT OF NEUROSIS NO DIFFERENCE IN NEW CASES HIGHER CLASSES HAVE MUCH GREATER TREATED PREVALENCE HIGHER CLASSES STAY MUCH LONGER IN TREATMENT RELATIONSHIP FOR PREVALENCE OPPOSITE FOR NEUROSES AND PSYCHOSES

25. REASONS CULTURE OF HIGHER CLASSES MORE CONGRUENT - ESPECIALLY EDUCATION LESS STIGMA FOR HIGHER CLASSES RESOURCE DIFFERENCES RESPONSE OF M.H. PROFESSIONALS

26. SUMMARY SOCIAL CLASS HAS STRONG ASSOCIATION TO M.I. PSYCHOSES - SELECTION NON-PSYCHOTIC – CAUSATION STRESSORS AND VULNERABILITY HIGHER CLASSES MORE OUTPATIENT AND LESS INPATIENT

27. SUMMARY (CONT.) LOWER CLASSES MORE INPATIENT AND LESS OUTPATIENT