1. Clara CLARA: an advanced regional network integrating Latin American NRENs (*) IAED 2004 Campinas, Brazil March 2004 Michael Stanton CLARA Technical Committee Rede Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa do Brasil - RNP www.rnp.br/en michael@rnp.br www.rnp.br/en michael@rnp.br (*) NREN = National Research and Education Network

2. Clara Michael Stanton - IAED 2004 2 Cyberinfrastructure: the central role of global connectivity Cyberinfrastructure is the means; “e-Science” is the result From NSF report: Cyberinfrastructure for Environmental Research and Education http://www.cyrdas.org/related.documents/reports/cyber_report_new.pdf

3. Clara Michael Stanton - IAED 2004 3 Global connectivity supports science user communities Scientific research increasingly dependent on access globally to resources, collaborators, data, scientific instruments. 1.Access to scientific instruments with specific geo-location needs: optical telescopes: e.g., Gemini South and SOAR, Chile; operated by US, Brazil and other countries 2.Unique instruments: impractical or unfeasible for each country to “afford” for its own community: Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN in Geneva: thousands of collaborators around the world 3.Access to/collecting geo-specific data and getting it back for analysis, visualisation, sharing Environmental data from the Amazon or Antarctica

4. Clara Michael Stanton - IAED 2004 4 Global connectivity – tendencies Very high capacity (10s of Gbps) networks in core countries and between them Increasingly regionalised networking –European GEANT, South American CLARA, Asian cluster efforts –aggregate inter-continental bandwidth now sometimes greater than continental bandwidth –slow trend away from US as centre of the world –many initiatives outside the US are engaging and establishing leadership roles in connecting to the world –European – Asian connectivity –European - South American connectivity

5. Clara Michael Stanton - IAED 2004 5 The emerging global network (as seen from Australia)

6. Clara Michael Stanton - IAED 2004 6 Latin American connectivity Phase 1:satellite communication with US hub –bandwidth limited to 2 Mbps Phase 2:submarine optical cables –initial bandwidth of 34 or 45 Mbps –no upper limit in sight –Phase 2A:based on US hub AMPATH project (2001 - ) –Phase 2B:region-centric CLARA network (2004 - )

7. Clara Michael Stanton - IAED 2004 7 Phase 1: Satellite connectivity (1990s)

8. Clara Michael Stanton - IAED 2004 8 Phase 2: New Submarine Cables in Latin America (1999-) E-mergia (TIWS) Global Crossing & TI Sparkle Global Crossing ImpSat Transandino UniSur San Juan, Puerto Rico Miami to New York and Europe to California and Asia-Pacific

9. Clara Michael Stanton - IAED 2004 9 Phase 2: New cables in the Caribbean (Maya & Arcos) Maya Arcos (festoon)

10. Clara Michael Stanton - IAED 2004 10 Phase 2A: US-centric connectivity (2001 - ) AmPath uses Global Crossing 45 Mbps (one size fits all) connections to Miami, and thence to Abilene (US NREN) connects Argentina, Brazil (2), Chile, Venezuela other LA countries not so benefited Mexico cross-border connections to US (Texas and California) AmPath

11. Clara Michael Stanton - IAED 2004 11 Where do we go from here? AMPATH´s achievements –Initial boost for Advanced Networking in LA –Stimulus for advanced connectivity inside each country –Motivation for collaborative projects BUT Why does LA communicate internally through Miami? Why does LA communicate with other parts of the world through the US?

12. Clara Michael Stanton - IAED 2004 12 An alternative paradigm: regional R&E networking Since the early 1990s great efforts have been invested in pan-European networking. The present pan-European network is GÉANT (2002-) –currently the largest capacity operational IP network in the world –built and managed by DANTE

13. Clara Michael Stanton - IAED 2004 13 GÉANT connections to other regions (2004)

14. Clara Michael Stanton - IAED 2004 14 The European Commission’s @LIS initiative Through @LIS programme the European Commission is supporting improved connectivity to Latin America @LIS: Alliance for the Information Society (2003-2005) –62.5 Million Euros for EU-LA on Information Society Issues –10 Million Euros for Interconnecting Europe & Latin American Research and Education communities Will interconnect LA-NRENs (Latin American NRENs) Consequences: –CLARA organisation of LA-NRENs –ALICE project to support the building of the CLARA regional network in Latin America

15. Clara Michael Stanton - IAED 2004 15 Association of LA -NRENs open to all LA Countries –constituted in Uruguay (like LACNIC) in Dec 2003 Created in response to @LIS initiative, but not limited to @LIS time scale and restrictions CLARA regional network will connect to Europe, North America and Asia-Pacific Argentina (RETINA) Brasil (RNP) Bolivia (*) Chile (REUNA) Colombia (*) Costa Rica (CRNET) Cuba (REDUNIV) (*) Panama (REDCYT) Paraguay (ARANDU) Peru (RAAP) Uruguay (RAU) Venezuela (REACCIUN) (*) expected future member Dominican Republic (*) Ecuador (CEDIA) El Salvador (RAICES) Guatemala (RAGIE) Honduras (*) Mexico (CUDI) Nicaragua (RENIE) CLARA Member NRENs

16. Clara Michael Stanton - IAED 2004 16 Phase 2B: region-centric networking ALICE Project – América Latina Interconectada Con Europa (2003-2006) Project to build CLARA network, supported by the @LIS programme (cost-sharing: EU 80% - LA 20%) Coordinated by DANTE, with participation of NRENs from Italy, France, Spain, Portugal and the CLARA countries, and eventually CLARA itself May 2004: CLARA network to commence operations ALICE website: www.dante.net/server/show/nav.009 www.dante.net/server/show/nav.009 ALICE brochure (in English, Spanish and Portuguese): www.dante.net/alice/ALICEbrochure.pdf

17. Clara Michael Stanton - IAED 2004 17 Expected CLARA network topology Initially connected to Europe Tijuana (Mexico) PoP to be connected to Los Angeles –access to US, Canada and Asia - Pacific Rim Initial backbone ring bandwidth of 155 Mbps Spur links at 10 to 45 Mbps (Cuba at 4 Mbps by satellite) Initial connection to Europe at 622 Mbps from Brazil Expected also to support future US funded international scientific collaborations

18. Clara Michael Stanton - IAED 2004 18 Brazilian connectivity This is provided at four levels: 1.internationally (RNP, state networks of Rio and SP) – around 500 Mbps in 2003; almost 1.5 Gbps in 2004 2.nationally by RNP backbone network 3.statewide by 15 regional or state networks 4.campus by the user institution itself (around 250 institutions) Current RNP activities (see also www.rnp.br)www.rnp.br –renewal of national backbone network connecting all states and the Federal District (6x increase in capacity) –the experimental high capacity GIGA network in the southeast for R&D applications – April 2004 –future plans for 1 Gbps national links and campus access by 2005

19. Clara Michael Stanton - IAED 2004 19 Brazil – RNP: expected 2004 backbone Rio de Janeiro São Paulo Santa Catarina Paraná Rio Grande do Sul Brasília Minas Gerais STM-1 (155 Mbps) E3 (34 Mbps) Ceará Pernambuco Bahia STM-4 (622 Mbps) Espírito Santo Maranhão Paraíba Tocantins Acre Rondônia Mato Grosso Mato Grosso do Sul Goiás E1 (2 Mbps) Pará Amazonas Rio Grande do Norte Piauí Sergipe Alagoas Roraima Amapá Pop already tendered Future tender

20. Clara Michael Stanton - IAED 2004 20 Experimental GIGA network (R&D only): states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro telcos UNIFESP USP - Incor USP - C.Univ. CPqD LNLS Unicamp LNCC CPTEC UFF CTA INPE CBPF LNCC Fiocruz IME IMPA-RNP PUC-Rio telcos UERJ UFRJ Universities IME PUC-Rio UERJ UFF UFRJ Unicamp UNIFESP USP R&D Centres CBPF - physics CPqD- telecom CPTEC- meteorology CTA - aerospace Fiocruz- health IMPA - mathematics INPE - space sciences LNCC - HPC LNLS - physics About 600 km extension - not to scale

21. Clara Michael Stanton - IAED 2004 21 GIGA Project: initial network design long-distance network between Campinas and Rio de Janeiro, built using dark fibre (unused optical fibre) + optical equipment –up to 6 lambdas (lightpaths) per link metro networks (MANs) in Rio, S. Paulo and Campinas, built using dark fibre initially 1 Gbps in each lambda (using Gigabit Ethernet) network operational in April 2004 Campinas São Paulo S.J. dos Campos C. Paulista Rio de Janeiro Campinas São PauloS. José dos Campos Rio de Janeiro Cachoeira Paulista MAN CP MAN SP MAN RJ Petrópolis Niterói

22. Clara Michael Stanton - IAED 2004 22 Future RNP production network By 2005, RNP expects to move to new “facilities-based” backbone network of at least 1 Gbps capacity, based on GIGA project experience: –long-distance links based on acquiring “capacity”, in the form of lambdas (lightpaths) or dark fibre –local access in metropolitan areas based on the use of dark fibre and cheap Gigabit Ethernet switches cooperation between local institutions is vital for the setting up of these metro networks R&E institutions will need to upgrade their internal campus networks to Gigabit Ethernet Homework >>

23. Clara Michael Stanton - IAED 2004 23 Thank you! Questions? michael@rnp.br