1. STUDENTS: TONY PEDERSON & TOBY MILLER ADVISOR: DR. WINFRED ANAKWA

2.  PROJECT SUMMARY  PROJECT DESCRIPTION  SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAMS  ORIGINAL SCHEDULE  TASKS COMPLETED TO DATE  REMAINING TASKS  REVISED SCHEDULE

3. 4 BLOCK DIAGRAM  TRAIN 4 TRACK 4 ELECTRODYNAMIC SUSPENSION 4 HALBACH ARRAY 4 LINEAR SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR 4 CONTROLLER

4. The goal of the project is to design a model size train that will be levitated and propelled by electromagnetism. A special magnet array called a Halbach array will be utilized along with a linear synchronous motor to make this train operate.

5. FREQUENCY REFERENCE SIGNAL FOR SPEED CONTROL CONTROLLER TRACK THREE- PHASE POWER INPUT TRAIN WITH SPEED SENSOR

7. 4 Made out of aluminum to minimize weight 4 4 rows of 8 magnets arranged in a Halbach Array 4 2 rows for levitation 4 2 rows for lateral guidance and propulsion 4 May or may not have speed sensor. This will be determined later.

8. Halbach Array’s are a special arrangement that cancels the magnetic field above the magnets, but still allows a field below the magnets. The permanent magnets that will be using are made out of Neodymium Iron Boron (NdFeB)

12. 4 2 wooden guide ways 4 Wires will be wrapped around guide way to provide the levitation circuits 4 A “G” scale model railroad track will be laid between guide ways to provide support for take off and stopping. 4 A linear synchronous motor will be attached to the track to provide propulsion

14.  The magnets on the train produce eddy currents in the levitation coils when traveling over them  The method of levitation requires a certain velocity before levitation will occur

15.  Same principle as a rotary synchronous motor  The rotor will be the Halbach Array  The stator will be coils of wire on the sides of the guide way  The input will be a three-phase varying frequency signal at a very low frequency (2-10 Hz)

16. 4 WEEK 1 - BUILD THE TRAIN. 4 WEEKS 2-4 - FINISH DESIGNING TRACK AND BUILD IT. 4 WEEKS 5-12 - TESTING AND DESIGNING A CONTROLLER. 4 WEEKS 13-14 – PREPARING FOR FINAL PRESENTATION.

17. 4 Milling and Construction of the train. This time frame also considers getting train and track supplies. This took the first four weeks of the spring semester 4 Instillation of the magnets into the train in the proper Halbach Arrays. Trying to make track calculations for proper wire and levitation speed. Testing of different types of coils was completed.

18. 4 Finish calculations for track and determine what wire will be used. This includes the numbers of turns, thickness, width, and distance apart 4 Actually wrap the track with wire (either going to be sent out or find a freshman to do it)

19. OPTIMUM MAGNET THICKNESS =.2*wavelength (lambda) Optimum wavelength = 4*pi*y1 (m) y1 = levitation height (lambda) Br = (Tesla) remanent field of the permanent magnet

20. LEVITATION FORCES Excitation Frequency Peak Strength of Magnetic Field

21. LEVITATION FORCES

23. Levitation Height =.75 cm Transition Velocity = 3.9 m/s Approximately 14,200 m of wire will be needed for 24 ft of track.

24. $200 = 32 NdFeB Permanent Magnets $100 = Aluminum for Train $120 = Model Track and Wheels $43 = Wood for Guide Rails FREE= Wire Wrapping for Guide Rails $463 = Total Cost

26. Thickness of Wire# of TurnsApprox Amps.0315 in1492 mA.10189 in 10 awg 13.8 A.10189 in 10 awg 59.9 A

28. 4 Compared the voltage and current graphs to find the phase lag. 4 Measured the resistance and calculated the inductance of our coils. 4 Used these to calculate the current needed at minimum levitation speed and what that speed is.

30. Redo the loading of the coils to lower the transition speed. Design the linear synchronous motor to propel the train.