1. Telling Time

2. James Hutton “The Father of Geology” Uniformitarianism

3. Relative vs Absolute Dating

5. 193019401957 1965 19781990 2005

6. Principles of Relative Dating Principle of… Original Horizontality Superposition Cross Cutting Relationships Inclusions Faunal Succession

7. (1) Principle of Original Horizontality

8. 2. Principle of Superposition Youngest Strata Oldest Strata

9. (3) Principle of Crosscutting Relationships

10. (4) Principle of Inclusions

11. (5) Principle of Faunal Succession Sketch by Baron Cuvier (1769-1832)

12. William “Strata” Smith

13. Diatoms

14. Example of Relative Time 1 Oldest - D - B - C - E - Youngest

15. Example 2 of Relative Time Oldest - G - E - 2 - K - D - L - A - M - B - I - O - 1 - H - C - F - 3 - N - Youngest

16. Unconformities Gaps in the Rock = Gaps in Time

17. Types of Conformity - Angular Unconformity

18. Angular Unconformity in the Grand Canyon

19. The Angular Unconformity at Siccar Point, Scotland Source: Edward A. Hay, De Anza College, Cupertino, CA

20. Types of Conformity - Nonconformity

21. Types of Conformity - Disconformity

22. Nonconformity - Grand Canyon

23. Example of Relative Time 1

24. Correlation

25. Colorado Plateau Correlation

27. Geologic Time Scale