1. 1 Observations. Sat05_71.ppt, 2005-11-28. Directions: satellite visible with stars as background. Direction to radio-source (VLBI) Directions and distances: if satellite carries reflectors

2. 2 Stellar-triangulation. Sat05_71.ppt

3. 3 Global network. Sat05_71.ppt

4. 4 West-European Network. sat05_71.ppt

5. 5 North-American Network: First results for Greenland

6. 6 Distances. Sat05_71.ppt, 2005-11-28. Reflected light: Lasers – 2-ways. SLR= Satellite Laser Ranging. http://ilrs.gsfc.nasa.gov/ http://www.eos- aus.com/satellite_laser_ranging.htm Satellite emits signal: 1 way or two ways. http://www.gfz-potsdam.de/pb1/op/prare/prare.html

7. 7 Laser http://msl.jpl.nasa.gov/QuickLooks/lageosQL.html

8. 8 LAGEOS

9. 9 Earth-Moon system

10. 10 Distance measurements. Sat05_71.ppt, 2005-11-28. Signal: Impuls: Phase: λ Δλ

11. 11 Integer ambiguity. Sat05_71.ppt, 2005-11-28. N may be determined using Signal with several frequencies Several observations

12. 12 Distance-differences. Doppler. Sat05_71.ppt, 2005-11-28..Observations:

13. 13 Satellite Altimetry. Sat05_71.ppt, 2005-11-28. Geos-3, GSFO SEASAT Topex/Poseidon, Jason, ERS1 + 2, Envisat and CRYOSAT Satellite Water – Ice - Plains

14. 14 Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking. Sat05_71.ppt, 2005-11-28. CHAMP, from GPS to satellite GRACE. from GPS to two satellites and ranging between the satellites GOCE, from GPS to the satellite.

15. 15 Interferometry. Sat05_71.ppt, 2005-11-28. http://www.jb.man.ac.uk/vlbi/

16. 16 VLBI. Sat05_71.ppt, 2005-11-28. http://lupus.gsfc.nasa.gov/brochure/bintro.html.

17. 17 Results. Sat05_71.ppt, 2005-11-28..