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1 相对论重离子碰撞中 介子的产生 陈金辉 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所 QCD 相变与重离子碰撞物理国际暨 第七届全国研讨会 @USTC 2008 年 7 月 10 号 -12 号 Many thanks to: X. Cai, S. Blyth, F. Jin, H. Huang, G. Ma, J. Ma, B. Mohanty, N. Xu …
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2 Outline Introduction – What we have learnt from RHIC Motivation – Why we focus on -meson? Results – -meson elliptic flow measurement – -meson spectra measurement – / and / ratio Conclusion and Outlook
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3 p T Scales and Physical Processes R CP Three P T Regions: -- Fragmentation (high p T jet energy loss) -- multi-parton dynamics (recombination or coalescence or …) -- Hydrodynamics (constituent quarks ? parton dynamics from gluons to constituent quarks? )
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4 High p T suppression Very dense matter has been created in central Au+Au collisions The dense matter is responsible for the suppression of high p T particles and the disappearance of back-to-back correlation
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5 The Suppression is the Same for and – Parton level effect No suppression photons don’t participate!
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6 High p T phenomena at RHIC Very dense matter has been created in central Au+Au collisions! This dense matter is responsible for the suppression of high p T particles and the disappearance of back-to-back correlation! The energy loss observed at RHIC is in parton level, but the mechanism for parton energy loss is yet to be understood! [Won’t elaborate in this talk.]
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7 Intermediate p T, large p/ ratio Unexpected large p/ ratio in central Au+Au collisions – The hadronization scheme should be different from e + e - !
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8 Intermediate p T, v 2 and R CP grouping STAR PHENIX Baryon Meson V 2 and R CP for PID measurement shown a B/M grouping behavior – partonic degree of freedom?
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9 What can we learn from those phenomena? At RHIC intriguing experimental features: – enhanced baryon over meson production – strong elliptic flow – grouping behavior of v 2 and R CP for PID ? Hadronization of bulk dense matter created at RHIC should be different from e + e - collisions! ? Quark Coalescence/Recombination ? Evidence for Deconfinement ? Possible for mass-effect rather than B/M type are particularly important probes for these issues!
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10 Why -meson ? [1] A. Shor, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54 (1985) 1122 K+K+ K-K- K-K- K+K+ φ φ φ K+K+ K-K- QGP The -meson is a clean probe from early time: ● Small for interactions with non-strange particles [1] ● Relatively long-lived (41 fm/c) → decays outside the fireball The -meson can provide info on particle production mechanisms /medium constituents: ● The is a meson but as heavy as , p baryons (mass vs. particle type?) An interesting probe to understand the strangeness dynamics: ● No net strangeness in the initial colliding nuclei
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11 -meson measurement, v 2 and R CP For v 2 and R CP measurement, -meson follows the trend observed in the K s, mesons rather than in the p baryons – clear signature for the Coa./Reco. hadronization mechanism. STAR Col. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, (2007) 112301.
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12 -meson production at RHIC /K - STAR Col. Phys. Lett. B 612, (2005) 181, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, (2007) 112301. 1. Evolution in the centrality dependence; 2., -meson may decouple early; 3. N( )/N(K), ruled out the K-coalescence.
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13 ’s are mostly from bulk s quarks N( )/N( ) vs. p T is consistent with a model based on the recombination of thermal s quarks up to p T ~ 4.0 GeV/c, but disagrees at higher p T. v 2 ( ) shows similar behavior as PID’s, positive signature for partonic collectivity at RHIC. STAR Col. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, (2007) 112301.
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14 Parton p T distributions at Hadronization? Can we extract the strange quark p T distribution from multi-strange hadron data? If baryons of p T are mostly formed from coalescence of partons at p T /3 and mesons of p T are mostly formed from coalescence of partons at p T /2 and particles have no decay feed-down contribution! These particles will freeze-out earlier from the system and have small hadronic rescattering cross sections [1,2]. [1] A. Shor, PRL 54 (1985) 1122; [2] H. Van Hecke et al., PRL 81 (1998) 5764.
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15 Strange and down quark distribution Strange quark distributions are flatter than light quarks! arXiv:0801.2265
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16 Test on s/d ratio at hadronization s/d quark ratios = = Yes! but with large uncertainties due to decay feed-down corrections in arXiv:0801.2265 X. Wang
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17 Summary and Conclusion N( )/N(K) vs. N part rules out the Kaon coalescence as a dominant channel for production at RHIC; N( )/N( ) vs. p T favors the model prediction that s are made via thermalied s-quarks coalescence at RHIC; v 2 ( ) vs. p T conclude that the partonic collectivity has been formed at RHIC; N( )/N( ) and N( )/N( ) vs. p T /n q indicate that strange quarks may have developed a stronger collective radial flow than the light quarks during the initial parton evolution at RHIC; Since mesons are made via coalescence of seemingly thermalized s quarks in central Au+Au collisions, the observations imply hot and dense matter with partonic collectivity has been formed at RHIC.
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18 Outlook: Extend PID Capability ToF detector updated: — 5 trays of ToF system installed in Run 8, commissioned, and used for physics. — 90 (of 120) ToF trays to be installed for Run 9 and will be completed before Run 10. /K separation to 1.6 GeV/c (0.65 TPC) ( +K)/p to 3 GeV/c (1.1 TPC) Clean electron ID down to 0.2 GeV
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19 The location of the QCD Critical Point Outlook: RHIC is ready for the Beam Energy Scan Hadron gas QGP sketch by P. Sorensen Key measurements — PID spectra and v 2 — K/ , … fluctuation
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