1. Photovoltaic Co-generation
Group Members
Trecia Ashman
Paola Barry
Zarina Zayasortiz
Sponsored By: Duke Farms
Sunny Power Corporation consists of the following members:
Trecia Ashman
Paola Barry
Zarina Zayasortiz
The project is sponsored by Duke Farms

2. Objective
To develop a photovoltaic cogeneration system for Duke Farms in Hillsborough, NJ. In order to explore another method for the generation of electricity using a renewable resource.

3. Photovoltaic Co-generation
Photovoltaic cells are used to harness energy from the sun. This energy can then be directly converted to electricity and be used to power your home or other facility.
The way a solar cells works is that it harnesses energy from the sun. This energy can be directly converted to electricity.
Since one cell is not enough to power a whole facility; the cells are then put together into modules, then the modules are put into arrays. The arrays are then grouped together to form panels.
After the solar panels are put together, they are combined with an inverter and a meter. The co-generation part is achieved when the solar cells produce excess power, that power is then fed into the power grid. The electric company can then be billed.

4. Co-generation System A “parallel” system Role of Components:
PV Panels
Inverter
Meter
Power Distribution Grid
3-phase AC Power

5. Co-generation vs. Storage
Converting to 3-phase AC Power
Only supply residences on site
Necessary storage amount
Cost of storage

6. Gantt Chart
This consulting firm’s first project is for Duke Farms in Hillsborough, NJ. The firm was consulted by the Farms because they wanted to convert to a renewable energy source.
A large land area will be used in this project and Duke Farms’ will probably have a surplus of energy. This energy will be fed back into the power grid and the electric company will be billed for this.
This process does not only apply to Duke farms but can be applied to other industries or households throughout the United States.

7. Answers From Duke Reasons for interest in project?
Informal discussions  increase public awareness about photovoltaic solar energy conversion
Constraints on potential locations?
2-4 acres on routes of tours (park areas preferred because of security)
Different uses of electricity on site?
Strictly employee housing, security lighting
The firm decided to do the following in house :
Market research and preliminary design
Research and development
Product/process/ service testing
Assembly components
Test final assemblies
Distribute products
Market directly to end users
Train consumers, end users
Consult on product / process / service
License technology to others
The firm decided to outsource the following items:
Licensing technology from others
Fabricate components
Develop software
Market to OEM distributors
Provide after-sales service

8. PSE&G Specifications
In order for the Co-generation system to be approved it must meet the following standards:
The installation must comply with the provisions of the NEC
Modules must be UL listed
The maximum amount of sunlight available year should not be obstructed
All solar array orientations are require that the estimated system output must be 75% of the default output estimated by PVWATTS
The inverter must be certified as compliant with the requirements of IEEE 929 and with UL 1741

9. PSE&G Specifications The system needs the following visual indicators:
On/off switch
Operating mode setting indicator
AC/DC overcurrent protection
Operating status indicator
Warning labels must be posted on the control panels and junction boxes indicating that the circuits are energized by an alternate power source

10. System Information

11. Map of Duke Farms

12. Tracking Options 2-Axis Tracking North/South & East/West Fixed Plate
(static panel)
1-Axis Tracking
North/South or East/West

13. 20-kW System

14. 40-kW System

15. 50-kW System

16. Dimensions (L”xW”xD”)
PV Benchmarking Data
Company
Model #
Peak Power
(Watts)
Peak Voltage
Dimensions (L”xW”xD”)
Weight
(lbs)
Price BP
PV/SX-60U 60
16.8
43.5 x 19.8 x 2.0 16
$389
Shell
SQ80 80
17.5
47.2 x 20.8 x 1.3
16.7
$328
Sharp
NE-80U1
17.1
47.28 x x 1.38
18.74
$334

17. Meter Benchmarking Data
Type
Voltage requirement
Warranty
Power consumption
Phase
Net metering
Cost
Electric Meter
Corp.
VAC
20 yrs.
------
Single/3 phase No
$425
Digi-Watt
VAC
5 yrs.
2 watts
Single phase, 2 phase, or 3 phase
$140
Shark 100
VAC
-----
Yes
$560

18. Tracker Benchmarking Company Model # of Modules Area (Sq. Ft)
Retail Cost
BP Solar
BP 4170 6
81.8
$1,995.00
Shell Solar
85-P 12
82.8
$1,195.00
Sharp
NE-80E1U 10 69
$1,975.00

19. Inverter Benchmarking
PV Series
Grid Tie Inverter GT500E
Grid Tie Inverter GT100E
Over- and under-voltage and frequency protection
Anti-islanding protection - prevents back-feeding
User definable power tracking matches the inverter to the array
Adjustable delay periods
Anti-islanding protection
User definable power tracking
Adjust delay periods
GUI software
Remote monitoring via telephone modem or web server
Data acquisition and logging
Isolation protection
DC and AC over voltage protection

20. PV Capacity Rating (Watts)
Required Area
Module Efficiency (%)
PV Capacity Rating (Watts)
100
250
500
1,000
2,000
4,000
10,000
100,000 4 30 75
150
300
600
1,200
3,000
30,000 8 15 38
1,500
15,000 12 10 25 50
200
400 16 20 40 80
160
320
800
8,000
Interpolation for 14% Efficiency
Watt System
Area Needed (ft^2)
11,200
1,058
28,200
2,578
50,000
4,528

21. Calculations The amount of solar panels needed is based on:
Rated output wattage of the panel
How long the panel is in the sun
NJ gets 4.6 hours of sunlight
Using 80 Watt panels
Area of one panel = 6.76 ft2
Amount of area needed for 50kW system = 4528 ft2
1kW system = 1250kW-hr/yr
Power generated per month from 50kW sys. = 5208kW-hr

22. Calculations (con’t)

23. Single pole mount/array
Preliminary Designs
Pyramid tripod design
Fixed plate
Single pole mount/array
1-Axis tracking

24. Mounting System

25. Support Specifications
Cap: attaches to horizontal pipe to vertical pipe
includes 3/8” hardware
2 U-bolts, 4 flange nuts, and 4 screws
Severe Condition 4 zinc-plated welded steel
Slider: attaches lower end of cross braces to rear legs and anchors both ends
Includes 3/8” hardware
1 cross-brace bolt sized for pipe, 1 flange nut, and 4 set screws
Mounting Clamps: attaches to vertical pipe to slider
6105-T5 Aluminum extrusion
Pipe: infrastructure of the support
2” diameter ASTM A53B Schedule 40 galvanized steel

26. Items for Future Work 1 axis vs. 2 axis based on economics
Available Space for Panels
Cogeneration vs. Storage
Gain in small battery storage
New data received last night (10:47pm)

27. References PVWATTS Duke Farms Nrel.gov PSEG.com BP Solar Shell Solar
Sharp Solar
Metersusa.com
Xantrex.com
Department of EnergyGreenbuilder.com
Howstuffworks.com

28. Questions