1. This work by Ng Wai Fong of the Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong License, based on the information provided by Creative Common. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.zh_HK.Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.zh_HK Weather and Our Feelings (Author: Ng Wai Fong) The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Department of Applied Physics

2. This work by Ng Wai Fong of the Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong License, based on the information provided by Creative Common. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.zh_HK.Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.zh_HK Temperature and thermal feelings What does the temperature in weather report refer to? – Temperature of Air What is cold/hot? – The feelings of human on temperature 15 ℃ = Cold?35 ℃ = Hot?

3. This work by Ng Wai Fong of the Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong License, based on the information provided by Creative Common. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.zh_HK.Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.zh_HK Related Weather Warnings from Hong Kong Observatory Cold Weather Warning – Winter Only Very Hot Weather Warning – Summer Only Is it enough?

4. This work by Ng Wai Fong of the Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong License, based on the information provided by Creative Common. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.zh_HK.Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.zh_HK Weather and Our Feelings Factors that influence us on the thermal feelings: – Temperature – Wind Speed – Relative humidity – Radiation of the Sun Example: – A hot weather with high relative humidity hinder heat loss by the evaporation of sweat, low wind speed will also lower heat loss from human body, thus increasing the level of discomfort.

5. This work by Ng Wai Fong of the Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong License, based on the information provided by Creative Common. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.zh_HK.Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.zh_HK Heatstroke Under very hot weather, who are having a greater risk of a heatstroke? Standard Chartered Hong Kong Marathon 2010. The heat and humidity sent 55 racers to hospital to be treated for heat stroke or dehydration Buses without air conditioning pose serious health risks. Bus drivers felt sick and got heatstroke.

6. This work by Ng Wai Fong of the Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong License, based on the information provided by Creative Common. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.zh_HK.Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.zh_HK Weather and Our Feelings Scientists make use of weather data to estimate human feelings Thermal comfort ( 熱舒適度 ) – The satisfactory level of human towards the coldness/hotness of environment Eg. Hot, warm, slight warm, neither cold nor hot, just right, slight cool, cool, cold The condition of the heat exchange between human body and environment – Factors Temperature Humidity Air Current Hot Radiation Metabolism Clothing

7. This work by Ng Wai Fong of the Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong License, based on the information provided by Creative Common. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.zh_HK.Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.zh_HK Weather and Our Feelings Ways to express the comfort level due to heat: Net Effective Temperature (NET) Heat Index (HI) – Summer Only Humidex (HMI) – Summer Only Apparent Temperature (AT) Wind Chill Index (WCI) – Winter Wet Bulb Globe Temperature Index (WBGT) 2008 Summer Olympics Equestrian Events in Hong Kong

8. This work by Ng Wai Fong of the Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong License, based on the information provided by Creative Common. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.zh_HK.Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.zh_HK (Activity 1) Calculations: Apparent Temperature AT AT = Ta + 0.33×e − 0.70×ws − 4.00 where, e = rh / 100 × 6.105 × exp ( 17.27 × Ta / ( 237.7 + Ta ) ) Air Temperature, Ta (°C)25303538 Relative Humidity,rh (%)50 Wind Speed, ws (km/h)5555 Apparent Temperature, AT (°C) 22.7129.4836.7441.39

9. This work by Ng Wai Fong of the Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong License, based on the information provided by Creative Common. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.zh_HK.Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.zh_HK (Activity 1) Calculations: Apparent Temperature AT AT = Ta + 0.33×e − 0.70×ws − 4.00 where, e = rh / 100 × 6.105 × exp ( 17.27 × Ta / ( 237.7 + Ta ) ) Air Temperature, Ta (°C)30 Relative Humidity, rh (%)20406080 Wind Speed, ws (km/h)5555 Apparent Temperature, AT (°C) 25.2928.0830.8733.66

10. This work by Ng Wai Fong of the Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong License, based on the information provided by Creative Common. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.zh_HK.Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.zh_HK (Activity 1) Calculations: Apparent Temperature AT AT = Ta + 0.33×e − 0.70×ws − 4.00 where, e = rh / 100 × 6.105 × exp ( 17.27 × Ta / ( 237.7 + Ta ) ) Air Temperature, Ta (°C)3535353535353535 Relative Humidity, rh (%)5050505050505050 Wind Speed, ws (km/h)051020 Apparent Temperature, AT (°C) 40.24 36.74 33.2426.24

11. This work by Ng Wai Fong of the Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong License, based on the information provided by Creative Common. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.zh_HK.Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.zh_HK (Activity 2) Scientific Experiment: Estimating Human’s Feelings on Weather Refer to the worksheet (Scientific Experiment: Estimating Human’s Feelings on Weather by Ng Wai Fong)

12. This work by Ng Wai Fong of the Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong License, based on the information provided by Creative Common. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.zh_HK.Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Hong Kong Licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/hk/deed.zh_HK (Activity 3) Investigation on the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature Video: http://www.weather.gov.hk/wservice/cstdi/cstdic.htm Discussions: What is the use of Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT)? Why Heat Stress Index is better than other weather information? Should Heat Stress Index be used and disseminated? Students can discuss the issues about disseminating Heat Stress Index to the public through a role play with different characters: – Representative of the industrial and commercial sector – Representative of the transport services – Director of the Hong Kong Observatory – School Principal