1. ARIES- Pathways, August 26-27, Atlanta, GA Page 1 L. Waganer Consultant for The Boeing Company ARIES-Pathways Project Meeting 26-27 August 2009 Georgia Technology, Atlanta, GA Cost Model Update and Comparison

2. ARIES- Pathways, August 26-27, Atlanta, GA Page 2 Cost Model Background Dr. Farrokh Najmabadi requested that I research the ARIES cost databases and costing algorithms to update the databases and cost models to upgrade the systems code capabilities and clearly document the ARIES cost database. Over the past two years, I have been researching, modeling, and documenting the fusion cost model and the related costing algorithms. I have also restructured the cost work breakdown structure to better match other similar power plant cost structures. I have made about seven cost model update presentations to the ARIES team meetings. I have constructed an Excel spreadsheet model (ESC) that compares the new algorithm results with the published ARIES-AT cost data. I have also documented the research and recommended changes for the ARIES cost model.

3. ARIES- Pathways, August 26-27, Atlanta, GA Page 3 The fusion power plant cost databases and reports for fusion conceptual designs back to 1980. These were researched to make sure the new model is reasonably consistent with prior cost estimates. Analyzing using common cost basis requires normalizing the cost estimates using the Gross Domestic Product Price Deflators for each year (new update July 30, 2009) LSA factors were applied for some accounts and some studies Not all dependant parameters were provided or documented Quite a few calculational and reporting errors were found Lots of cost accounts were never accurately described or reported Cost Model Basis and Structure

4. ARIES- Pathways, August 26-27, Atlanta, GA Page 4 I Have Been Working with these Cost Account Managers No. AccountCAM 20Land and Land RightsWaganer 21Structures and Site FacilitiesWaganer 22Power Core Plant Equipment 22.01 Fusion Energy Capture and Conversion 22.01.01 First Wall and BlanketMalang 22.01.02 Second BlanketMalang 22.01.03 Divertor AssenblyRaffray 22.01.04 High Temperature ShieldingEl-Guebaly 22.01.05 Low Temperature ShieldingEl-Guebaly 22.01.06 Penetration ShieldingEl-Guebaly 22.02 Plasma Confinement 22.02.01 Toroidal Field Coils(TBD) 22.02.02 Poloidal Field Coils(TBD) 22.02.03 Feedback CoilsKessel 22.03 Plasma Formation and Sustainment[Mau] 22.04 Vacuum, Plasma Core (equipment)Najmabadi 22.05 Primary Structure and SupportWang 22.06 Power Supplies, Switching and Energy StorageCadwallader 22.07 Main Heat Transfer and TransportRaffray 22.08 Cryogenic Cooling, Magnets[Bromberg] 22.09 Radioactive Materials Treatment and ManagementEl-Guebaly 22.10 Fuel Handling and StorageSteiner 22.11 Maintenance EquipmentWaganer 22.12 Instrumentation and ControlWeaver 22.13 Other Plant EquipmentWaganer 23Turbine Plant EquipmentSchultz 24Electric Plant EquipmentSchultz 25Miscellaneous Plant Equipment Waganer 26Heat Rejection EquipmentWaganer 27Special MaterialsWaganer

5. ARIES- Pathways, August 26-27, Atlanta, GA Page 5 Support I have contacted Ron Miller several times to help understand the ARIES costing algorithms and he has provided a lot of data and understanding. Farrokh Najmabadi offered to define requirements for the vacuum pumping system. Ken Schultz is having someone look into the cost of Turbine Plant Equipment.

6. ARIES- Pathways, August 26-27, Atlanta, GA Page 6 Present Status All the modeling and documentation has been completed and reported, most recently April 2009 Developed an Excel spreadsheet comparing most Cost Accounts to the ARIES-AT published estimate Model contains new recommended cost algorithms for inclusion into systems code Spreadsheet results indicated some inconsistencies that required model adjustments Documentation was revised to be compatible Model and algorithms provided to systems code developer

7. ARIES- Pathways, August 26-27, Atlanta, GA Page 7 Major Changes and Remaining Needs All building costs settled Recommending discontinuing the use of all LSA factors Material costs are updated, but need Systems Code to calculate FWB, shields, manifolds, power core structure, and vacuum vessel masses. Need further definition from Design Team on: oMagnet System (need to document algorithms) oHeating and Current Drive (need to define algorithms and parameters) oVacuum System (need to define algorithms and parameters) (Vessel OK) Main Heat Transfer and Transport algorithms revised and recommended Rad Waste, Fuel Handling, Maintenance Equipment and I&C revised GA is working on the Turbine Plant Equipment costs Other plant equipment updated Special Materials (primary lithium) not updated in 25 years. Obtained a quote for lithium and worked with Laila El-Guebaly on enrichment costs (much lower price)

8. ARIES- Pathways, August 26-27, Atlanta, GA Page 8 Relative Subsystem Costs Helped Normalize Specific Subsystems These are results from the published ARIES-AT published data in the new Cost Breakdown Structure. Depending on the LSA rating, the MHTT is a little less or greater than most power core subsystems. These data were used to help adjust the relative costs of the subsystems. 2009$

9. ARIES- Pathways, August 26-27, Atlanta, GA Page 9 Main Heat Transfer and Transport ARIES-AT Cost Comparison ARIES-AT LSA=1ARIES-AT LSA=2 22. 1. 1. FW/blanket/reflector 93.373 22. 1. 2. shield 100.824 22. 1. 3. magnets 184.024 22. 1. 4. supplemental-heating/CD systems 53.833 22. 1. 5. primary structure & support 39.123 22. 1. 6. reactor vacuum systems 143.476 22. 1. 7. power supply, switching & energy storage 73.714 22. 1. 8. impurity control 5.947 22. 1. 9. direct energy conversion system 0.000 22. 1.10. ecrh breakdown system 5.746 22. 1. reactor equipment 700.089 22. 2. main heat transfer & transport systems 182.981 22. 1. 1. FW/blanket/reflector 98.560 22. 1. 2. shield 106.425 22. 1. 3. magnets 194.247 22. 1. 4. supplemental-heating/CD systems 59.533 22. 1. 5. primary structure & support 43.266 22. 1. 6. reactor vacuum systems 158.669 22. 1. 7. power supply, switching & energy storage 81.518 22. 1. 8. impurity control 6.577 22. 1. 9. direct energy conversion system 0.000 22. 1.10. ecrh breakdown system 6.386 22. 1. reactor equipment 755.185 22. 2. main heat transfer & transport systems 304.969 Expressed in 2009$ The main heat transfer subsystem is generally too high in relationship to any of the other power core subsystems, except when the LSA=2 factor of 0.60 is applied. New algorithms are in better agreement with other subsystems. Nb IHX is an adder. New AlgorithmsARIES-AT LSA4ARIES-AT LSA1ARIES-AT LSA2

10. ARIES- Pathways, August 26-27, Atlanta, GA Page 10 Revised Main Heat Transfer and Transport Costing Algorithms Primary and diverter loops Water and organic coolant: $50 M x (gross thermal power/2000) 0.55 (in 2009$) Liquid Metal (Li and LiPb): $125 M x (gross thermal power/2000)0.55 (in 2009$) High Pressure Helium: $110 M x (gross thermal power/2000) 0.55 (in 2009$) Adder for Nb IHX $0.010 M x gross thermal power in MW (in 2009$) Intermediate loop Sodium or Helium: $50 x (gross thermal power/2000) 0.55 (in 2009$) Cost modeling seldom matched documented engineering design Prior ARIES modeling used 3500 MW thermal power as basis Modeled Primary, Intermediate, and Secondary? (Turbine) loops LSA1 Cost factor (0.6) skewed results, new designs probably LSA = 1 Nb IHX in LiPb not used, S. Malang estimated $0.0174M/MW – then I scaled down by 60% for 85% learning curve. MHTT subsystem costs much too high in comparison to other power core subsystems

11. ARIES- Pathways, August 26-27, Atlanta, GA Page 11 Special Material Costs Quoted natural Li prices were in line with inflation. Open literature suggests new, lower cost enrichment processes may be available in the future. For the moment, the 90% enriched lithium price is set at $1000/kg as opposed to $2300/kg (UWTOR basis). Also the cost/kg should increase faster due to reduced processing efficiency at higher enrichment levels (not linear). Main enriched lithium data source was UWTOR-M (1982). Lithium heat transfer fluid increased cost by 10 and enriched Li increased it by another factor of 10 or so.

12. ARIES- Pathways, August 26-27, Atlanta, GA Page 12 Land and Land Rights A Few Pages From the Spreadsheet This gives you an idea of how the spreadsheet is constructed, with Cost Accounts identified, new cost algorithms defined and evaluated for ARIES-AT with published AT data for LSA 4, 1, and 2. Any known omissions are noted. Additionally, the Systems Code must generate powers, flow rates and volumes to provide data for some algorithms, so these are blank at the moment.

13. ARIES- Pathways, August 26-27, Atlanta, GA Page 13 Structures and Site Facilities Use ARIES Algorithm, better calculate building volume Use Prometheus Algorithm, scaled to Pe gross Use Prometheus Algorithm, scaled to rejected thermal power Use Prometheus Algorithm, scaled to net electrical power Use Prometheus Algorithm, scaled to Pe gross Use 34% of Power Core Building Scaled constant by acres used

14. ARIES- Pathways, August 26-27, Atlanta, GA Page 14 Fusion Energy Capture and Conversion Not a complete sum This page illustrates that Systems Code data on volumes and masses are needed to complete the cost assessment.

15. ARIES- Pathways, August 26-27, Atlanta, GA Page 15 Plasma Confinement Some magnet costing algorithms do exist, but more definitive design information is needed and these algorithms need to be documented Feedback coils need to be added Cryogenics and Power Supplies need to be defined and estimated. The costs shown were subdivided from prior grouped cost accounts (Team decided to subdivide to user account)

16. ARIES- Pathways, August 26-27, Atlanta, GA Page 16 Plasma Formation and Sustainment More definitive subsystems information and costing algorithms are needed Need to define Startup, Stability Control, and Plasma Fueling and Constituent Control Subsystems Need to define Power Supplies and Cryogenics for all subsystems

17. ARIES- Pathways, August 26-27, Atlanta, GA Page 17 Vacuum, Power Core and Primary Structure Need definition on all vacuum pumps, liquefiers, ducts, and plumbing Need definition on primary structure (carry through structure plus other)

18. ARIES- Pathways, August 26-27, Atlanta, GA Page 18 Main Heat Transfer and Transport Already Discussed

19. ARIES- Pathways, August 26-27, Atlanta, GA Page 19 Rad Materials, Fuel Handling, and Maintenance Rad Waste tripled as a temporary definition Fuel Handling has been underestimated- Increase by 60% (ref ITER w/learning ) Maintenance never estimated – Use placeholder of $100M scaled to P e net

20. ARIES- Pathways, August 26-27, Atlanta, GA Page 20 I&C and Other Power Core Equip All I&C estimates originate from Starfire estimate of $55M (now obsolete technology). ITER is more complex at roughly $336M. Need to re-estimate, but use placeholder of $60M. Starfire and EBTR had a detailed definition of Other Power Core Costs, but since then it has been lumped into a Misc category. Suggest $8M scaled to net electrical power Spares are now estimated with the prime account

21. ARIES- Pathways, August 26-27, Atlanta, GA Page 21 TPE, EPE, HR, and MPE ARIES incorrectly related to primary coolant fluid - GA assessing No reason to use LSA factors. Use ARIES algorithm scaled to Pe gross Use ARIES algorithm scaled to P rej thermal Use ARIES algorithm scaled to P e gross ( ARIES-AT and ST did not use?)

22. ARIES- Pathways, August 26-27, Atlanta, GA Page 22 Special Materials Lithium Already Discussed Need to estimate the cost of helium and argon at present prices.

23. ARIES- Pathways, August 26-27, Atlanta, GA Page 23 Indirect Costs Retain all present ARIES indirect cost factors, but calculate based on Direct costs and Indirect Costs as opposed to relating only to direct costs

24. ARIES- Pathways, August 26-27, Atlanta, GA Page 24 Cost of Electricity Calculations

25. ARIES- Pathways, August 26-27, Atlanta, GA Page 25 Gen IV Cost of Money and Financing assumptions have considerable impact Thus the change in cost of money, no tax or depreciation effects, and a longer economic lifetime has reduced the Fixed Charge Rate by 40% and lowered the COE by 30% (see next chart). “GEN IV “ Annual Capital Cost represents 77% of Annual Costs. So these factors have a lot of impact on the COE. 20?

26. ARIES- Pathways, August 26-27, Atlanta, GA Page 26 Bottom Line COE Results 2009$

27. ARIES- Pathways, August 26-27, Atlanta, GA Page 27 Current Status and Future Effort These recommended cost algorithms were provided to be input into the ARIES Systems Code. Hopefully Zoran Dragojlovic has had the opportunity to make some estimates with these inputs. Future Effort: Analyze the complete results for consistency Make any adjustments necessary Provide additional information for Systems Code Help validate Systems Code results Perhaps publish costing documentation (at least post on Web)