1. Cristiano Bozza – European Emulsion Scanning Group of OPERA– Jan 2008, Nagoya 1 Status and evolution of the European Scanning System  Basic concepts  Present Status of the System  Evolution – Next Future

2. Cristiano Bozza – European Emulsion Scanning Group of OPERA– Jan 2008, Nagoya 2 The European Scanning System - Basic concepts Cheap system: use commercial components as much as possible Modular system: incremental improvements by replacing one component at a time Software-based system: focus on software to make the system flexible to various situations

3. Cristiano Bozza – European Emulsion Scanning Group of OPERA– Jan 2008, Nagoya 3 The European Scanning System - Present Status CMOS camera 1280×1024 pixel 256 gray levels 376 frames/sec (Mikrotron MC1310) XY stage (Micos) 0.1 μm nominal precision Emulsion Plate Z stage (Micos) 0.05 μm nominal precision Illumination system, objective (Oil 50× NA 0.85/Dry 50× NA 0.95) and optical tube (Nikon)

4. Cristiano Bozza – European Emulsion Scanning Group of OPERA– Jan 2008, Nagoya 4 The European Scanning System - Present Status The ESS is mostly SW-based and very modular New, better components are quickly integrated to increase performances

5. Cristiano Bozza – European Emulsion Scanning Group of OPERA– Jan 2008, Nagoya 5 The European Scanning System - Present Status DALSA 1M60 Camera, 3×Genesis Photonfocus camera, Matrox Odyssey Mikrotron camera SW improvements Hitachi KPF110 camera Scanning speed (area scan of 43  m thick emulsion) Total installed scanning power: ~600 cm 2 /h/side (~30 microscopes) Current work focused on increasing purity rather than speed

6. Cristiano Bozza – European Emulsion Scanning Group of OPERA– Jan 2008, Nagoya 6 280×365μm 2 Tomographic sequences Z axis moving, 2D images spanning emulsion thickness Move XYZ to next view Process/save data Next field of view, Z at top, new cycle The European Scanning System - Present Status DAQ cycle (185 ms) Camera 2D Images (peak 452 MB/s, avg. 97 MB/s) Vision Processor (Matrox Odyssey) Binarized 2D Images Host PC (Dual Pentium Workstation) Running WinXP 3D microtracks XYZ Motion Commands Motion Controller (National Instruments FlexMotion) Motors (VEXTA Nanostep) Power Functional blocks

7. Cristiano Bozza – European Emulsion Scanning Group of OPERA– Jan 2008, Nagoya 7 The European Scanning System - Present Status 15 images 10 grains signal/image, 3000 grains background+ noise, shadows, scratches, spots 2D FIR Filter+ Equalization+ Threshold Grain recognition (Host PC, multithreaded Assembler code) 300 ÷ 3000 microtracks / view 3D microtrack reconstruction (Host PC, multithreaded C++ code)

8. Cristiano Bozza – European Emulsion Scanning Group of OPERA– Jan 2008, Nagoya 8 The European Scanning System - Present Status Data sent to temporary file servers Distributed computing based on.NET Batch Manager coordinates jobs and directs Scan Servers Data Processing Servers take care of heavy computing for data postprocessing Data ready for physics analysis are written to DB servers (also used to share data)

9. Cristiano Bozza – European Emulsion Scanning Group of OPERA– Jan 2008, Nagoya 9 The European Scanning System - Present Status Performances of the European Scanning System  Scanning speed: 20 cm 2 /h/side (40 GB/day/microscope of raw data)  Microtracking precision (single emulsion layer): 0.066  m

10. Cristiano Bozza – European Emulsion Scanning Group of OPERA– Jan 2008, Nagoya 10 A track is the result of the connection of two microtracks on opposite sides of a plate The European Scanning System - Present Status Performances of the European Scanning System  Scanning speed: 20 cm 2 /h/side (40 GB/day/microscope of raw data)  Purity: 10 fake tracks / cm 2 (slope < 0.5)  Efficiency: up to 95% using tracks, ~100% using microtracks (however, background is larger with microtracks)  0.3÷0.7μm precision for reconstructed tracks

11. Cristiano Bozza – European Emulsion Scanning Group of OPERA– Jan 2008, Nagoya 11 The European Scanning System - Present Status Residuals of tracks w.r.t. multi-plate fit of 8 GeV   t,  l Slope=0.2  t~0.3  m Top view Side view Slope=0.2  l~0.5  m Slope=0.7  t~0.7  m t l plate-to-plate alignment by high-energy passing-through-tracks

12. Cristiano Bozza – European Emulsion Scanning Group of OPERA– Jan 2008, Nagoya 12 The European Scanning System - Present Status A reconstructed vertex in OPERA, out of 61,000,000 microtracks   XZ 6 prongs a b e d TkSlopeCS tkStop IP (  m)Fill (basetks/  tks) A-0.028,0.0956575.272% / 91% B-0.114,0.143(7?)570.379% / 94% C0.091,0.009576.294% / 100% D-0.166,-0.3423221.4100% / 100% E0.127,0.0753516.481% / 91% F-0.370,0.4302815.375% / 100% XY c f Beam VertexZ=892  m upstream of plate 25

13. Cristiano Bozza – European Emulsion Scanning Group of OPERA– Jan 2008, Nagoya 13 The European Scanning System - Evolution – Next Future Increase of image processing power for: higher scanning speed higher camera resolution / better imaging precision Currently, one Odyssey board can handle 20 cm 2 /h/side at high resolution (0.3  m/pixel) With resolution going to 0.387  m/pixel, 5 Odyssey boards can handle 167 cm 2 /h/side Matrox Odyssey is superscalar, i.e. several boards can be mounted in the same host and share tasks

14. Cristiano Bozza – European Emulsion Scanning Group of OPERA– Jan 2008, Nagoya 14 The European Scanning System - Evolution – Next Future Increase of processing power for: higher scanning speed better tracking quality higher camera resolution / better imaging precision dealing with more background tracks Presently, ~50% of CPU time is free for tracking Data size is relatively small, and can easily travel on a LAN Increase of track processing power by a factor 10: 5×2,000€ = 10,000€! (ready for 200 cm 2 /h/side) Tracking can be moved to a tracking server factory Code already written, just waiting for debugging/testing!

15. Cristiano Bozza – European Emulsion Scanning Group of OPERA– Jan 2008, Nagoya 15 The European Scanning System - Evolution – Next Future Increase of image quality for: precision measurement improved efficiency The system is not bound to use one single type of camera Mikrotron EoSens has lower noise and higher sensitivity than present MC1310 (goes up to 2500 ASA) 500 fps/600 MPixel/s Already under testing to estimate data quality improvement Larger pixel size (36% area increase) brings proportionally higher speed

16. Cristiano Bozza – European Emulsion Scanning Group of OPERA– Jan 2008, Nagoya 16 Scanning speed is coupled with precision, efficiency and purity 20 cm 2 /h/side on 43  m emulsion layers 0.3÷0.7  m precision 95% track finding efficiency 10 fake tracks / cm 2 (slope < 0.5) Conclusions A modular system has been shown for nuclear emulsion scanning Cheap hardware Commercial components SW approach to problem solution Improvements already going on for the next challenges Better camera (higher precision/higher speed) already being tested Tracking server to increase processing power (prototype next weeks) Superscalarity vision processor can be used to increase image processing power The European Scanning System An evolving project!