1. Open Annotation Collaboration Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel DMSS Meeting, May 14-15, Stanford, CA Robert Sanderson – rsanderson@lanl.gov azaroth42@gmail.com Herbert Van de Sompel – herbertv@lanl.gov hvdsomp@gmail.com Digital Library Research and Prototyping Team Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA This research was funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Acknowledgements: Tim Cole, Bernhard Haslhofer, Jane Hunter, Ray Larson, Cliff Lynch, Michael Nelson, Doug Reside

2. Open Annotation Collaboration Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel DMSS Meeting, May 14-15, Stanford, CA Slide: 2 Overview The Collaboration and Project Interoperability: Basic Principles Current Data Model Protocol-less Approach

3. Open Annotation Collaboration Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel DMSS Meeting, May 14-15, Stanford, CA Slide: 3 The Collaboration Partners: Los Alamos National Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign University of Queensland University of Maryland George Mason University Plus: International Advisory Board Discussion Group: http://groups.google.com/group/oac-discuss Open (moderated joins) list for community participation. Please join :)

4. Open Annotation Collaboration Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel DMSS Meeting, May 14-15, Stanford, CA Slide: 4 The Project Aims Facilitate a Web-centric interoperable annotation environment Demonstrate the proposed environment for scholarly use-cases Seed adoption by deployment of high-visibility production systems Phase I Funded by Mellon Foundation Exploration of Existing Systems, Requirements and Use Case analysis Initial Interoperability Specification Integration of AXE and Zotero

5. Open Annotation Collaboration Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel DMSS Meeting, May 14-15, Stanford, CA Slide: 5 Interoperability: Basic Principles Effort focuses on Interoperability to allow annotation sharing Many MANY non-interoperable annotation systems already Existing interoperability mechanisms (eg Annotea) need updating Interoperability approach is based on the Architecture of the Web Communication is increasingly online Resources of interest are increasingly online Maximize chance of adoption by not being domain-centric Entities within the model must be identified by HTTP URIs … when possible From Linked Data guidelines Globally unique identifiers without central system overhead Locator as well as Identifier: can retrieve representation

6. Open Annotation Collaboration Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel DMSS Meeting, May 14-15, Stanford, CA Slide: 6 Data Model: Step 1 An annotation is an event at a moment in time, initiated by an agent, with a source of content and a target. There is an implicit or explicit relationship between the source and target expressed by the annotation. The Source of Content must have some relationship to the Target. By default, it should be somehow 'about' the Target for it to be considered an Annotation.

7. Open Annotation Collaboration Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel DMSS Meeting, May 14-15, Stanford, CA Slide: 7 Step 1: Baseline Model As web resources, both Content and Target can be of any format, any (or no) language, etc.

8. Open Annotation Collaboration Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel DMSS Meeting, May 14-15, Stanford, CA Slide: 8 Step 2: Transcription Document Must be able to transmit a description of the Annotation event.

9. Open Annotation Collaboration Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel DMSS Meeting, May 14-15, Stanford, CA Slide: 9 Step 3: Properties and Relationships Properties and relationships can be attached to the Annotation and other resources.

10. Open Annotation Collaboration Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel DMSS Meeting, May 14-15, Stanford, CA Slide: 10 Step 3: Properties and Relationships

11. Open Annotation Collaboration Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel DMSS Meeting, May 14-15, Stanford, CA Slide: 11 Step 4: Versioning As events, Annotations cannot be changed, but can be replaced with new versions.

12. Open Annotation Collaboration Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel DMSS Meeting, May 14-15, Stanford, CA Slide: 12 Step 4: Versioning

13. Open Annotation Collaboration Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel DMSS Meeting, May 14-15, Stanford, CA Slide: 13 Step 5: Inline Content Important to be able to capture the content within the annotation transcription

14. Open Annotation Collaboration Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel DMSS Meeting, May 14-15, Stanford, CA Slide: 14 Step 5: Inline Content

15. Open Annotation Collaboration Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel DMSS Meeting, May 14-15, Stanford, CA Slide: 15 Step 6: Segments of Resources W3C Media Fragment URIs allow us to create a URI that identifies a segment of a resource for common cases.

16. Open Annotation Collaboration Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel DMSS Meeting, May 14-15, Stanford, CA Slide: 16 Step 6b: Complex Segments Some cases are more complex than can be described with Media Fragment URIs.

17. Open Annotation Collaboration Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel DMSS Meeting, May 14-15, Stanford, CA Slide: 17 Step 6b: Complex Segments

18. Open Annotation Collaboration Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel DMSS Meeting, May 14-15, Stanford, CA Slide: 18 Step 7: Multiple Targets Note that the relationship from the Content applies to all of the Targets.

19. Open Annotation Collaboration Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel DMSS Meeting, May 14-15, Stanford, CA Slide: 19 Step 7: Multiple Targets

20. Open Annotation Collaboration Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel DMSS Meeting, May 14-15, Stanford, CA Slide: 20 Alpha Data Model

21. Open Annotation Collaboration Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel DMSS Meeting, May 14-15, Stanford, CA Slide: 21 Protocol-less Approach Existing systems are tightly coupled: The client sends the annotation to the server to store The server sends the annotation to clients on request Annotea is a REST protocol, Google Sidewiki uses ATOM plus extensions, most are proprietary. We believe this is a hindrance to interoperability … any protocol that ties servers and clients together is a hindrance to interoperability from the Linked Data perspective. We recommend no protocol, as opposed to not recommending a protocol.

22. Open Annotation Collaboration Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel DMSS Meeting, May 14-15, Stanford, CA Slide: 22 Protocol-less Approach Breaking This Apart Promotes Interoperability: The client sends the annotation somewhere to store (or multiple places) The server retrieves the annotation … using regular discovery/harvesting techniques (Pull) … on demand from the client (Pull on demand) … by being one of the places the client sends the annotation to (Push) The server is just one service that can send the annotation to clients on request

23. Open Annotation Collaboration Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel DMSS Meeting, May 14-15, Stanford, CA Slide: 23 Protocol-less Approach Consequences: Multiple servers, aggregators or other applications can access the annotation The client can use whatever protocol is needed by the storage server(s) Annotations are regular web resources by necessity Access control is just like any other access control on the web Services can be used to extend information in annotation Add extra information for robustness over time Add extra information for robustness of segment location Text Mining, Data Mining services Graph/Relationship Mining across other annotations … Servers can replace inline content with real web resources Multiple servers can do this, and deduplicate with original identifier Use well known owl:sameAs predicate for this

24. Open Annotation Collaboration Rob Sanderson, Herbert Van de Sompel DMSS Meeting, May 14-15, Stanford, CA Slide: 24 Thank You Thank You! Questions? Pointers: http://www.openannotation.org/ http://groups.google.com/group/oac-discuss azaroth42@gmail.com ; hvdsomp@gmail.com