1. Quality of service for wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks Nicolás E. Ortiz Hernández 42301394 Dr. Rajan Shankaran

2. OUTLINE Quality of service for wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks Abstract Introduction to Wireless sensor networks Wireless sensor networks Benefits Application of wireless sensor networks Quality of Service Proposed models Framework Developed Conclusions

3. Abstract Due to the rapid development in miniaturization related technology, ad hoc sensor networks have become one of the most popular wireless networks. With potential applications that include environmental monitoring, industrial control, battlefield surveillance and reconnaissance, home automation and security, health monitoring, and asset tracking. The problem lies in the support of Quality of Service (QoS) in WSNs. There is a lack of information regarding to this research field. This is essentially because WSNs differs from acknowledged networks. To such degree, that there is not a proper landing to define the services of WSNs and develop adequate approaches for QoS support in WSNs. Quality of service for wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks

4. Wireless Sensor networks Infrastructure less network composed of small sensor nodes that communicate with each other in a wireless environment and are monitored by a base station. These nodes gather information for different smart environments and communicate with the base station which acts as a gateway to connect other networks. Base Stations Sensor nodes

5. Quality of service for wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks Wireless Sensor networks - Benefits Scalable and efficient Low Cost to purchase and install Self configuration and self organising No real maintenance Software programmable customisation Fast data acquirement Base Stations Sensor nodes

6. Quality of service for wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks Military applications: Application of wireless sensor networks Territory reconnaissance Surveillance Control and report status of the equipment Environmental applications: Fire detection Wildlife monitoring Agriculture Natural Disasters Industrial applications: Machine diagnosis check the final product inventory control Health applications: Real-time tracking behavior of human body process or organs after a surgery Monitor patient with special diseases

7. Quality of service for wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks The capability of a network to provide better service to selected network traffic over various technologies. The primary goal of QoS is to provide priority including dedicated bandwidth, controlled jitter and latency required by some real-time and interactive traffic, and improved loss characteristics. Quality of Service 1 1 http://cisco.com/Internetworking_Technology_Handbook#Quality_of_Service_Networkinghttp://cisco.com/Internetworking_Technology_Handbook#Quality_of_Service_Networking  Low throughput  Errors  Dropped Packets  Latency  Jitter  Out-of-sequence packets delivery Quality of Services Factors

8. Quality of service for wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks Benefits Control over network resources adapting, transforming and concentrate it in an specific required task. Ensures that time-sensitive and mission-critical applications have the resources required, permitting other applications access to the network. Improves user experience. The efficient administration of the network resources reduces costs by delaying the upgrading and the need of expansion.

9. Quality of service for wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks There are two architectures that guaranteed Quality of Services in traditional wired and wireless IP networks. QoS mechanisms for traditional wired and wireless networks Intserv: Guarantee QoS from end to end. Is based on flow specs resource reservation and (RSVP) Resource reservation Protocol. Diffserv: Guarantee QoS by classifying and managing the network traffic Traditional mechanisms does not satisfy the requirements of QoS in wireless sensor networks

10. Quality of service for wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks QoS in wireless sensor networks face other obstacles different from traditional networks. Barriers Power: Most critical constraint -> power consumption of the sensor nodes. Bandwidth : lack of bandwidth - > is an important issue in any network. Memory Size: Size of the memory is limited in the sensor nodes. Standardization: Lack of standardization in WSN make difficult implement QoS solutions Lifetime: WS nodes life is limited. -> power constraints. Fixed power sources. Density: Redundancy. But it adds overhead and power consumption

11. Quality of service for wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks Scheme 1: Quality of Service measures on the transport layer for WSNs. Wang, Sohraby, and Li suggests that the transport layer is an ideal place for placing schemes for enhancing energy-efficiency, QoS and reliability. Congestion Detection and Avoidance (CODA) - > Congestion control Pump Slowly Fetch Quickly (PSFQ) -> Transport Reliability Proposed by: Chonggang Wang, Bo Li, Kazem Sohraby

12. Quality of service for wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks Scheme 2: Quality of Service in Wireless sensor networks The author suggest the implementation of QoS at each layer of the WSNs protocol stack focusing on the deployment of QoS protocols in the transport layer. Sensor-to-Sink Event-to-Sink Reliable Transport (ESRT): Reliability and congestion control. Reliable Multi-Segment Transport (RMST): Guarantee delivery and transport reliability. Sink-to-Sensor Pump Slow Fetch Quickly: Transport reliability. Proposed by: Aniss Zakaria

13. Quality of service for wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks Scheme 3: Routing techniques in wireless sensor networks: a Survey The authors suggest the implementation of QoS in the network layer of the WSNs protocol stack. Sequential Assignment Routing (SAR): Energy save, packets prioritize. SPEED: end-to-end guarantees. Proposed by: Al-Karaki, Jamal & Kamal, Ahmed

14. Quality of service for wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks Development of QoS framework for Ad Hoc Wireless Sensor Networks A cooperative combination of settings and protocols along the protocol stack is required. Correct settings QoS Protocols for WSNs. Check Equipment

15. Quality of service for wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks Fidelity: Settings of the applications software the manage the sensor network topology and the nodes. Update: Keep fresh the results with real time information. Mode: Delivery data mode is setup according to the environment requirements. Query processing: Data send to base must be aggregated. Coverage: Optimal coverage of areas improves sensor network connectivity. Application Layer Correct settings

16. Quality of service for wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks Reliable data delivery service: Event-to-sink Reliable Transport (ESRT) Reliable Multi-Segment Transport Flow and congestion control mechanisms Pump Slow, Fetch Quickly (PSFQ) Transport Layer QoS Protocols for WSNs.

17. Quality of service for wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks Sequential Assignment Routing (SAR) : SPEED Network Layer QoS Protocols for WSNs.

18. Quality of service for wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks Quality-of-Service specific Retrieval (QUIRE) Optimizes the network performance. Energy-efficiency -> Highly important for ensuring QoS on WSNs. Data Link Layer QoS Protocols for WSNs.

19. Quality of service for wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks Double check the devices. Test the sensor nodes. Test the communication with the sink. Test the power source of the nodes. Physical Layer Check Equipment

20. Quality of service for wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks The current models proposed come from traditional networks approach. Think out the box to design new and efficient protocols and schemes, that support QoS services for wireless sensor networks. The lack of standardization is a barrier for the development of these models. Provide QoS in Wireless Sensor Networks cannot be encapsulated in a single layer. Design a robust QoS model must take into consideration different factors that need to be spread across all the layers of the protocol stack. Conclusion