1. IP Protocol

2. The Internet Protocol (IP) is a network-layer (Layer 3) protocol that contains addressing information and some control information that enables packets to be routed. IP is documented in RFC 791 and is the primary network-layer protocol in the Internet protocol suite. Along with the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), IP represents the heart of the Internet protocols. IP has two primary responsibilities: providing connectionless, best-effort delivery of datagrams through an internetwork. providing fragmentation and reassembly of datagrams to support data links with different maximum-transmission unit (MTU) sizes.

3. IP Protocol IP Doesn ’ t support reliability there aro no acks, error correction,retransmissions or flow control, only checksum.

4. IP Protocol

5. Version — Indicates the version of IP currently used.

6. IP Protocol IP Header Length (IHL) — Indicates the datagram header length in 32-bit words.

7. IP Protocol Type-of-Service — Specifies how an upper- layer protocol would like a current datagram to be handled, and assigns datagrams various levels of importance.

8. IP Protocol 8 bits Bits 0-2: Precedence. 111 - Network Control 110 - Internetwork Control 101 - CRITIC/ECP 100 - Flash Override 011 – Flash 010 – Immediate 001 – Priority 000 - Routine

9. IP Protocol 8 bits Bit 3: 0 = Normal Delay 1 = Low Delay. Bits 4: 0 = Normal Throughput, 1 = High Throughput. Bits 5: 0 = Normal Relibility, 1 = High Relibility. Bit 6-7: Reserved for Future Use.

10. IP Protocol Total Length — Specifies the length, in bytes, of the entire IP packet, including the data and header.

11. IP Protocol Identification — Contains an integer that identifies the current datagram. This field is used to help piece together datagram fragments.

12. IP Protocol Flags — Consists of a 3-bit field of which the two low-order (least- significant) bits control fragmentation. The low- order bit specifies whether the packet can be fragmented. The middle bit specifies whether the packet is the last fragment in a series of fragmented packets. The third or high-order bit is not used.

13. IP Protocol Bit 0: reserved, must be zero Bit 1: (DF) 0 = May Fragment 1 = Don't Fragment. Bit 2: (MF) 0 = Last Fragment, 1 = More Fragments.

14. IP Protocol Fragment Offset — Indicates the position of the fragment's data relative to the beginning of the data in the original datagram, which allows the destination IP process to properly reconstruct the original datagram.

15. IP Protocol Time-to-Live — Maintains a counter that gradually decrements down to zero, at which point the datagram is discarded. This keeps packets from looping endlessly.

16. IP Protocol Protocol — Indicates which upper-layer protocol receives incoming packets after IP processing is complete.

17. IP Protocol Header Checksum — Helps ensure IP header integrity.

18. IP Protocol Source Address — Specifies the sending node.

19. IP Protocol Destination Address — Specifies the receiving node.

20. IP Protocol Options — Allows IP to support various options, such as security.

21. IP Protocol Data — Contains upper- layer information.