1. Meeting on Asteroids and Comets Europe 2006 May 14 st-moving asteroids Lightcurve photometry of fast-moving asteroids by simultaneous V- and I-band calibration of field stars by Richard Miles Golden Hill Observatory (MPC J77), United Kingdom

2. Observatory Setup

3. Methodology-1 Observing Methodology 1) Utilise Hipparcos stars as secondary references in V (and I)

4. Hipparcos Coverage

5. Hipparcos to V

6. V-I vs B-V

7. Methodology-2 Observing Methodology 1) Utilise Hipparcos stars as secondary references in V (and I) 2) Calibrate using Hipparcos red-blue pairs

8. R-B Pairs Sky Distribution Sky Distribution of Hipparcos Red-Blue Pairs

9. Cl to V coeff. Transformation – Clear to V Transformation Coefficient

10. Cl to V calculated Transformation – Clear to V Magnitude

11. Methodology-3 Observing Methodology 1) Utilise Hipparcos stars as secondary references in V (and I) 2) Calibrate using Hipparcos red-blue pairs 3) Calibrate unfiltered photometry (stars and asteroids)

12. Cl to V measured

13. Methodology-4 Observing Methodology 1) Utilise Hipparcos stars as secondary references in V (and I) 2) Calibrate using Hipparcos red-blue pairs 3) Calibrate unfiltered photometry (stars and asteroids) 4) Simultaneous wide-field images in V and I-band

14. Methodology-5 Observing Methodology 1) Utilise Hipparcos stars as secondary references in V (and I) 2) Calibrate using Hipparcos red-blue pairs 3) Calibrate unfiltered photometry (stars and asteroids) 4) Simultaneous wide-field images in V and I-band 5) Unfiltered images with narrow-field telescope

15. Methodology-6 Observing Methodology 1) Utilise Hipparcos stars as secondary references in V (and I) 2) Calibrate using Hipparcos red-blue pairs 3) Calibrate unfiltered photometry (stars and asteroids) 4) Simultaneous wide-field images in V and I-band 5) Unfiltered images with narrow-field telescope 6) Determine V and (V-I) colours of stars near asteroid track

16. HIP 55101 HIP 55503 HIP 55182 79 x 1 minute stacked exposures 6-cm aperture + V filter

17. HIP 55101 HIP 55503 HIP 55182 Track of 2000 BD19 79 x 1 minute stacked exposures 6-cm aperture + V filter

18. Inset images using 28-cm aperture + no filter

23. a d ef g h i j m n o p q r s t

24. a 10.86 14.85 14.59 12.59 14.01 10.82 11.85 13.16 13.12 13.29 13.70 15.45 14.82 12.66 12.86

25. Methodology-7 Observing Methodology 1) Utilise Hipparcos stars as secondary references in V (and I) 2) Calibrate using Hipparcos red-blue pairs 3) Calibrate unfiltered photometry (stars and asteroids) 4) Simultaneous wide-field images in V and I-band 5) Unfiltered images with narrow-field telescope 6) Determine V and (V-I) colours of stars near asteroid track 7)Carry out aperture photometry or PSF photometry of fast- moving asteroid relative to an ensemble of stars in the same field - Difficult - May need to stack groups of images (Astrometrica, Lymm software) to get adequate SNR for asteroid.

26. Methodology-8 Observing Methodology 1) Utilise Hipparcos stars as secondary references in V (and I) 2) Calibrate using Hipparcos red-blue pairs 3) Calibrate unfiltered photometry (stars and asteroids) 4) Simultaneous wide-field images in V and I-band 5) Unfiltered images with narrow-field telescope 6) Determine V and (V-I) colours of stars near asteroid track 7)Carry out aperture photometry or PSF photometry of fast- moving asteroid relative to an ensemble of stars in the same field - Difficult - May need to stack groups of images (Astrometrica, Lymm software) to get adequate SNR for asteroid. 8) Calculate V-magnitude zeropoint of unfiltered images using ensemble of stars. May require photometry of trailed stars using tilted elliptical aperture with AstPhot32 software (Stefano Mottola) or Lymm8 software (John Saxton)

27. AstPhot32 Software Stefano Mottola

28. Lymm software John Saxton Features: Script-based running in Fortran Pattern recognition Models track of asteroid Tracks and stacks images (if required) Aperture or PSF photometry on calculated asteroid positions NEW! - Photometry on single images or on user-defined stacks NEW! - Novel sky background correction

29. 2005 WC1 (diameter 500m approx) 2005 Dec 06 23.8-24.8h UT

31. 2005 WC1

34. Sky Background Correction

35. Sky Background Correction

36. Effect of PA

37. 2000 BD19

38. 130 B&W (130) Elektra – Composite Lightcurve

39. 130 Electra Composite

40. 130 Phase Curve

41. Phase brightening

42. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Stefano Mottola – AstPhot32 photometry software John Saxton – Lymm photometry software Norman Walker – Provision of V and I filters Acknowledgments

43. THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION End of talk