2. Dante’s Divine Comedy: Inferno Canto 34

3. Canto 25  Ninth Circle, Fourth Ring: Judecca  Traitors against benefactors are being punished  Cold and ice  Emperor = Dis/Lucifer  Brutus, Cassius, Judas  Descent into Southern Hemisphere – stars

4. Lucifer = Emperor of Hell  Traitors to Benefactors – covered in ice  Lucifer has three mouths  Chewing on the souls of Judas, Cassius, Brutus  Dante & Virgil climb his body  Exit from hell, see the stars

5. Judas Iscariot  Betrayer of Christ  Exchanged pieces of silver for betrayal with a kiss  Hanged himself

6. Brutus & Cassius  Betrayers of Julius Caesar  Although they pretended to be his allies, they plotted  Stabbed him on the Roman Senate steps on March 15 th, 44 BCE

7. Dante and Virgil descend – ln 76-81  “When we had reached the point at which the thigh revolves, just at the swelling of the hip, my guide, with heavy strain and rugged work, reversed his head to where his legs had been and grappled on the hair, as one who climbs- I thought that we were going back to Hell.”

8. Ln 138-139  “It was from there that we emerged to see - once more - the stars.”