1. Handle System Overview Larry Lannom 18 May 2004 Corporation for National Research Initiatives http://www.cnri.reston.va.us/ http://www.handle.net/ Copyright© 2004 Corporation for National Research Initiatives. Permission is hereby granted to reproduce, disseminate, redistribute, perform and/or display this work publicly, provided, however, that credit is given to the person named as writer of the work and CNRI, and you do not abridge or edit the work in any way that alters its integrity or meaning.

2. Corporation for National Research Initiatives Framework for managing Digital (Information) Objects Give it a name and talk to it –Don’t worry about where it is –Don’t worry about what it’s made of Rise above details of application versions and content formats Digital Object Architecture - Goals

3. Digital Object Architecture Client Resource Discovery Search Engines Metadata Databases Catalogues, Guides, etc. Resolution System Repositories / Collections

4. Corporation for National Research Initiatives Digital Object Architecture Components Handle System Go from name to attributes Fundamental indirection system for Digital Object management on the net No free lunch –Added layer of infrastructure –Must be managed

5. Naming Resources on the Net The Problem Internet chapter.pdf www.acme.com

6. Internet Naming Resources on the Net The Solution Name = Value(s) 10.123/xyz = http://www.acme.com/chapter.pdf Naming Service http://www.acme.com/chapter.pdf www.acme.com

7. Internet Naming Resources on the Net The Solution Name = Value(s) 10.123/xyz = http://www.newbusiness.com/chapter.pdf http://www.newbusiness.com/chapter.pdf Naming Service www.newbusiness.com www.acme.com

8. Corporation for National Research Initiatives Distributed, scalable, secure Enforces unique names Enables association of one or more typed values, e.g., URL, with each name Optimized for speed and reliability Open, well-defined protocol and data model Provides infrastructure for application domains, e.g., digital libraries, electronic publishing... CNRI Handle System

9. Corporation for National Research Initiatives Handle System Usage Library of Congress DTIC (Defense Technical Information Center) IDF (International DOI Foundation) –CrossRef (scholarly journal consortium) –Enpia (Korean content management technology firm) –CDI (U.S. content management technology firm) –LON (U.S. learning object technology firm) –CAL (Copyright Agency Ltd - Australia) –TSO (U.K. publisher & info mgmt service provider) –MEDRA (Multilingual European DOI Registration Agency) –Nielsen BookData (biblographic data - ISBN) –R.R. Bowker (biblographic data - ISBN) –Office of Publications of the European Community (applied) NTIS (National Technical Information Service) DSpace (MIT + HP) Various digital library production and research projects

10. Corporation for National Research Initiatives Handles Resolve to Typed Data URL2http://a-books.com/…. DLS9acme/repository HS_ADMIN100acme.admin/jsmith XYZ 1001110011110 12 Handle data Handle Data type Index 10.123/456URL1http://acme.com/….

11. The Two Types of Handle Query Give me all data associated with handle 10.1000/123. 1. Request all data LHS GHR LHS Handle System Handle Client 3 2 5 10 9 4 10.1000/123URL1(Server in US) URL2 (Server in Asia) URL3 (Server in Europe) public key email address rights data URL PK EM IP IndexTypeDataHandle Give me all data of type URL associated with handle 10.1000/123. 2. Request all data of a given type LHS GHR LHS Handle System Handle Client 325325 10.1000/123URL1(Server in US) URL2 (Server in Asia) URL3 (Server in Europe) URL IndexTypeDataHandle

12. Handle Resolution is a collection of handle services, each of which consists of one or more replicated sites, Site 1Site 2 Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 …... Site n Client The Handle System LHS GHR each of which may have one or more servers. 123.456/abcURL 4 http://www.acme.com/ http://www.ideal.com/8 URL #1#2#n#4#3 #1#2...

13. Handle Clients Global Handle Registry 1. Sends request to Global to resolve 0.NA/10.1000 (naming authority handle for 10.1000) Client Request to Client: Resolve hdl:10.1000/1

14. Handle Clients Client Request to Client: Resolve hdl:10.1000/1 Global Handle Registry 2. Global Responds with Service Information for 10.1000 Service Information Acme Local Handle Service xcccxv xc.. xc.. xc..... xcccxv xccx xcccxv xccx xcccxv xccx

15. Service Information - Acme Local Handle Service Primary Site 123.45.67.8 Port # Secondary Site B Server 1 Server 2 Server 3 Server 1 Server 2123.52.67.9 321.54.678.12 321.54.678.14 762.34.1.1 123.45.67.4 Public Key... 2641 K03RLQ... 2641 5&M#FG... F^*JLS... 3E$T%... A2S4D... N0L8H7...... IP Address Secondary Site A xcccxv xc.. xc.. xc..... xcccxv xccx xcccxv xccx xcccxv xccx Handle Clients

16. Service Information - Acme Local Handle Service Primary Site 123.45.67.8 Port # Secondary Site B Server 1 Server 2 Server 3 Server 1 Server 2123.52.67.9 321.54.678.12 321.54.678.14 762.34.1.1 123.45.67.4 Public Key... 2641 K03RLQ... 2641 5&M#FG... F^*JLS... 3E$T%... A2S4D... N0L8H7...... IP Address Secondary Site A xcccxv xc.. xc.. xc..... xcccxv xccx xcccxv xccx xcccxv xccx Handle Clients

17. Service Information - Acme Local Handle Service Primary Site 123.45.67.8 Port # Secondary Site B Server 1 Server 2 Server 3 Server 1 Server 2123.52.67.9 321.54.678.12 321.54.678.14 762.34.1.1 123.45.67.4 Public Key... 2641 K03RLQ... 2641 5&M#FG... F^*JLS... 3E$T%... A2S4D... N0L8H7...... IP Address Secondary Site A xcccxv xc.. xc.. xc..... xcccxv xccx xcccxv xccx xcccxv xccx Handle Clients

18. 3. Client queries Server 3 in Secondary Site A for 10.1000/1 Client Global Handle Registry #1#2 #1 #2 #3 Primary Site Secondary Site A Secondary Site B Request to Client: Resolve hdl:10.1000/1 Acme Local Handle Service

19. Handle Clients 4. Server responds with handle data Client Global Handle Registry #1#2 #1 #2 Primary Site Secondary Site A Secondary Site B Request to Client: Resolve hdl:10.1000/1 #3 Acme Local Handle Service

20. Handle Clients LHS GHR LHS Handle System Web Client Handle Administration Client Resolve Handle HTTP Redirect Proxy/ Web Server HTTP Get Handle Data http://hdl.handle.net/123.456/abc

21. Handle Clients LHS GHR LHS Handle System Client Handle Administration Client hdl:/123.456/abc Client Plug-In Resolve Handle Request Handle Data

22. Handle Clients LHS GHR LHS Handle System Web Handle Administration Client Web Server HTTP Handle Admin API Admin Forms

23. Handle Clients LHS GHR LHS Handle System Web Handle Administration Client Custom Client

24. Handle Clients LHS GHR LHS Handle System Handle Administration embedded in another process Web

25. Handle Clients LHS GHR LHS Handle System Handle Administration embedded in another process Handle Resolution embedded in another process

26. Corporation for National Research Initiatives Ownership is at the handle level Administrators defined by handles Administrator handles contain keys All admin transactions validated via challenge/response from server to client Allows distributed administration HS Administration

27. Corporation for National Research Initiatives Prefixes –DOI - 700 –Other - 300 Handles –DOI - 12M –Other - unknown Global –Three service sites (all currently in VA) –10M resolutions last month DOI locals –One default (incl. CrossRef) with three sites –Three additional run by RAs, mirrored by IDF Handle System Usage

28. Corporation for National Research Initiatives Specification –RFC 3650: Overview –RFC 3651: Namespace and Service Definition –RFC 3652: Protocol HSAC - Handle System Advisory Committee URI/URL/URN –IETF votes for URN, we don’t see any advantage Extra layer of indirection, still need the native protocol –What are the practical implications –INFO submission from OpenURL group (also not faring well in the IETF) –Open to advice Handle System Management and Standards

29. Corporation for National Research Initiatives Continued development of policies and procedures Combines identifier plus MD approaches Moving from membership to RA federation Application profiles to link DOIs to services –Given a DOI, what can I do with it? –Genres mutate into APs –DOI logical groups (e.g., Journal title) linked to Services –Services linked to interfaces –API to simplify use DOI Evolution

30. Corporation for National Research Initiatives www.handle.net llannom@cnri.reston.va.us