1. Ingolf E. Dammasch ROB/SIDC Brussels, Belgium Solar UV Spectroscopy with SUMER on SOHO (extended version for 11 Oct 2007)

2. Why from space?

3. SUMER on Spacecraft SOHO mission time nominal 1996 – 1998 extended - 2003, - 2007, - ??? SOHO costs approx. 1 000 M Euro (75% ESA, 25% NASA, instruments likewise) in comparison: 1 shuttle start = approx. 500 M Euro

4. SOHO Spacecraft (SOlar and Heliospheric Observatory, ESA/NASA) Size 4.3 x 2.7 x 3.7 m Solar paddles 9.5 m Start weight 1850 kg Payload 610 kg 12 scientific Instruments (CDS,CELIAS, COSTEP,EIT,ERNE, GOLF,LASCO,MDI, SUMER,SWAN, UVCS,VIRGO)

5. SOHO Launch KSC Launch Complex 36 Atlas Centaur Launch Vehicle start 02 Dec 1995 08:08 UTC at L1 14 Feb 1996

6. What can SUMER do? (1) Full disk scan in He I 58.4 (log radiance) 02 Mar 1996 23:22 UTC – 04 Mar 1996 02:46 UTC slit 1”x300” step 1.5” time 7 s

7. What can SUMER do? (2) Full disk scan in Ne VIII 77.0 (log radiance) 02 Feb 1996 02:05 UTC – 18:12 UTC slit 1”x300” step 1.88” time 7.5 s

8. What can SUMER do? (3) Full disk scan in Ne VIII 77.0 (Doppler shifts) 02 Feb 1996 02:05 UTC – 18:12 UTC slit 1”x300” step 1.88” time 7.5 s

9. SUMER (Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation) telescope and spectrometer approx. 80 – 160 nm wavelength range (1 st order) various slit sizes, variable raster step sizes, exposure times 2 detectors with 1024 spectral x 360 spatial pixels spatial resolution approx. 1” (715 km on the Sun) spectral resolution approx. 0.004 nm (10 km/s and better)

10. The SUMER Instrument (1) (Engineering Model, Integration Team in Cleanroom) designed and built (with international co-operation) at Max-Planck-Institut f. Aeronomie, MPAE (now MPS), Lindau, Germany, 1987-1995 costs approx. 50 M Euro (55% D, 20% F, 20% USA, 5% CH)

11. The SUMER Instrument (2)

12. Anatomy of a Coronal Hole (27 Jul 1996 23:16 – 28 Jul 1996 17:21 UTC) Fe XII 124.2 nm (1 400 000 K) Mg X 62.4 nm (1 100 000 K) O V 62.9 nm (250 000 K) N V 123.8 nm (190 000 K) S II 125.0 nm (30 000 K) C I 124.9 nm (< 10 000 K)

13. Cont 154.0, Si II 153.3, C IV 154.8, Ne VIII 77.0 nm (03 Nov 1999 18:55 – 04 Nov 1999 00:25 UTC) <10 000 K 100 000 K 14 000 K 630 000 K

14. Prominence Observation (08 Jul 2000 09:04-12:51 UTC) Meudon H-alpha SOHO/EIT He II 30.4, TRACE Fe IX/X 17.1, TRACE H I Lyman alpha 121.6 nm SOHO/SUMER 1”x120” slit 120 s exposure 91-95 nm

15. Transition Region Morphology, Redshift (O VI 103.1 nm, 30 Jan 1996 04:38-04:57 UTC)

16. Spicules and Macrospicules (N V 124.2 nm, 27 Apr 1996 20:01 – 28 Apr 1996 01:03 UTC)

17. Some Results of SUMER Observations The source of the fast solar wind in coronal holes High red- and blueshifts at explosive events Improved rest wavelength values for coronal lines Log-normal distribution of line radiances (in QS, not CH, AR) Normal distribution of line shifts and widths (in QS …) Interrelation between radiance and redshift (in QS …) Redshift in active region loops Damped oscillations in flare lines

18. Current Projects (1): Spicule Studies Collaboration with J. Pasachoff, Williams College, USA “t-y-plots” (incl. short initial back-and-forth scan): continuum line line line radiance radiance shift width C IV 154.8 nm, 25 May 2004 08:01-09:29 UTC

19. Spicule Study (C IV 154.8 nm, Area near Limb)

20. SUMER Slit Position in EIT Image 20 Apr 2004 20:01-21:44 UTC NE, Quiet Sun 20 Apr 2004 16:01-17:43 UTC SE, Coronal Hole

21. Line Radiances along SUMER Slit

22. The “Height” of Regions (1” seen from SOHO at L1 corresponds to approx. 715 km on the Sun) linelog(T)lower border **upper border *** QSCHQSCH --------------------------------------------------- Si I4.00?(0”)(0”)5-6”4-5” Cont *4.00?(0”)(0”)5-7”5-7” Si II4.143-4”4-5”10-11”11-12” C IV5.014-5”5-6”15-19”19-20” O V5.37<<11”<<13”21”22” Ne VIII5.805-10”<<17”38-51”41-45” * above 150 nm, ** radiance peak, *** 50%-level of QS radiance

23. Current Projects (2): Emission Measures Collaboration with U. Feldman, NRL, USA 03 Jun 1999 11:16-14:09 UTC “Sunspot Reference Spectrum” Selected lines: S IV 75.0, S IV 75.3, O V 76.0, N III 76.3, N IV 76.5, N II 77.5, S V 78.6, O IV 78.7 nm 03 Jun 1999 11:10-11:14 UTC “Sunspot Map” Cont 147.8 nm

24. AR Radiance along SUMER Slit (N IV 76.5 nm)

25. Current Projects (3): Active Region Loops Collaboration with W. Curdt, MPS, Germany; B.N. Dwivedi, India; S. Parenti, ROB Ne VIII 78.0 nm, 20 May 2004 16:29-19:33 UTC Ne VIII 78.0 nm, 21 May 2004 19:10-22:15 UTC

26. Active Region Loops (Ne VIII 78.0 nm, Area with Redshift)

27. Active Region Loops (Ne VIII 78.0 nm, Area with Blueshift)

28. Redshift in Chromosphere and Transition Region (well known in Quiet Sun) Si II 153.3 nm, 07 Nov 1999 00:05-10:08 UTC

29. Doppler Shift vs. Brightness Straightforward interrelation for chromosphere and transition region in Quiet Sun. More complicated in the corona and especially in Active Regions.

30. The Redshifted Footpoints of Coronal Loops Ne VIII 78.0 nm, O IV 78.7 nm, 21 May 2004 19:10-22:15 UTC Magnetically confined structures are outlined by contours.

31. But now… … you know what I did last summer.