1. TENCompetence Workshop - Stimulating Personal Development and Knowledge SharingOctober, 30-31, 2008, Sofia, Bulgaria1 A formal approach to adaptive content delivery Dessislava Vassileva, Department of Inf. Technologies, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, BULGARIA

2. TENCompetence Workshop - Stimulating Personal Development and Knowledge SharingOctober, 30-31, 2008, Sofia, Bulgaria2 Agenda Introduction to adaptive e-learning systems A triangular model of Adaptive hypermedia systems (AHS) Adaptation engine UML activity diagram Formal specification of AHS Future works

3. TENCompetence Workshop - Stimulating Personal Development and Knowledge SharingOctober, 30-31, 2008, Sofia, Bulgaria3 Introduction to adaptive e-learning systems Definition –attempt to be different for different students and groups of students –attempt to be more adaptive by building a model of the goals, preferences, knowledge and performance of each individual student (user/learner model) and using this model throughout the interaction with the student in order to adapt to the needs of that student Techniques for adaptation: adaptive navigation – link hiding, sorting, annotation adaptive presentation - content of a page according to learner’s knowledge, goals, preferences, performance and etc. adaptive content selection – show, sort or hide search result content adaptive problem solution

4. TENCompetence Workshop - Stimulating Personal Development and Knowledge SharingOctober, 30-31, 2008, Sofia, Bulgaria4 A conceptual model of AHS

5. TENCompetence Workshop - Stimulating Personal Development and Knowledge SharingOctober, 30-31, 2008, Sofia, Bulgaria5 Learner model consist of three sub-models: Learning goals and preferences Learning style - such as visual, auditory, kinesthetic and others styles; described in a declarative manner and determined in the very beginning of the learning by appropriate tests Learner’s knowledge & performance Learner model

6. TENCompetence Workshop - Stimulating Personal Development and Knowledge SharingOctober, 30-31, 2008, Sofia, Bulgaria6 Domain model Domain model - presented by: content itself - granulized in LO according the SCORM standard metadata – Learning Object Metadata (LOM) can be described according the LMS LOM specification Ontology threes Domain1Domain2Domain3 LO 11 LO 12 LO 13 LO 21 LO 31 LO 32

7. TENCompetence Workshop - Stimulating Personal Development and Knowledge SharingOctober, 30-31, 2008, Sofia, Bulgaria7 Adaptation model Adaptation model includes: Narrative storyboard (graph, CP, pages) Link annotation, exam thresholds Storyboard rules - it used for controlling the e-learning process. WP2 WP1 WP3 CP1 CP2 P1 P5 P6 P2 P4P3 P7

8. TENCompetence Workshop - Stimulating Personal Development and Knowledge SharingOctober, 30-31, 2008, Sofia, Bulgaria8 Adaptive engine Manipulate link annotation Show/hide fragments of the pages’ content Select of the best storyboard graph’s arc according to adaptation rules and learner model Update learner profile – knowledge, performance based on learners’ test results

9. TENCompetence Workshop - Stimulating Personal Development and Knowledge SharingOctober, 30-31, 2008, Sofia, Bulgaria9 Adaptation engine UML activity diagram The adaptation engine’s main activities include: Finding the best path Delivering appropriate link annotation and page content Generating learner’s test Updating paths’ weight and learner profile

10. TENCompetence Workshop - Stimulating Personal Development and Knowledge SharingOctober, 30-31, 2008, Sofia, Bulgaria10 Predicate logic - definition Predicate logic uses a wholly unambiguous formal language interpreted by mathematical structures Predicate logic is extension of propositional logic with separate symbols for predicates, subjects, and quantifiers Its formulas contain variables which can be quantified Predicate - a verb phrase template that describes a property of objects, or a relationship among objects represented by the variables Quantification - two common quantifiers are the existential  and universal  quantifiers

11. TENCompetence Workshop - Stimulating Personal Development and Knowledge SharingOctober, 30-31, 2008, Sofia, Bulgaria11 Learner Model - predicates user_learning_style(user_id,learning_style, value) as learning style={visual, auditory, kinesthetic} user_knows_subject(user_id, subject_id) user_knows_domain(user_id, domain_id) user_knows_learning_object(user_id, lo_id) user_performance(user_id, subject_id, control_point_id, value) as value={pass, fail, notReach}

12. TENCompetence Workshop - Stimulating Personal Development and Knowledge SharingOctober, 30-31, 2008, Sofia, Bulgaria12 Domain Model - predicates domain_lo(domain_id, lo_id) parent_lo(lo_parent_id, lo_child_id) inheritor_lo(lo_main_id, lo_inheritor_id) test_question_lo(lo_id, test_question_id) test_answers(test_question_id, answer_id, value)

13. TENCompetence Workshop - Stimulating Personal Development and Knowledge SharingOctober, 30-31, 2008, Sofia, Bulgaria13 Adaptation Model - predicates lo_4_subject(subject_id, lo_id) control_point_4_subject(subject_id, control_point_id) cp_path_4_graph(subject_id, path_id) page_4_cp_path(path_id, page_id) annotation_cp(learning_style, control_point_id, value) link_pages(current_page_id, next_page_id) link_pages_annotation(learning_style, link_id, annotation)

14. TENCompetence Workshop - Stimulating Personal Development and Knowledge SharingOctober, 30-31, 2008, Sofia, Bulgaria14 Adaptation Engine - predicates next_cp_path(user_id, subject_id, previous_cp_id) sub_precondition(subject_new_id, subject_old_id) precondition_subject(subject_new_id) user_precondition(user_id, subject_id)

15. TENCompetence Workshop - Stimulating Personal Development and Knowledge SharingOctober, 30-31, 2008, Sofia, Bulgaria15 Adaptive rules - starting rules If the user knows all learning objects contained in a domain/subject, then she/he knows that domain/subject – (1),(2) If the learner knows all subjects, which participate in precondition for given subject, then the learner can start learning it – (3), (4)

16. TENCompetence Workshop - Stimulating Personal Development and Knowledge SharingOctober, 30-31, 2008, Sofia, Bulgaria16 Adaptive rules – pass-through graph rules If the learner passes or not control point’s test, she/he continues respectively forward (5) or backward (6):

17. TENCompetence Workshop - Stimulating Personal Development and Knowledge SharingOctober, 30-31, 2008, Sofia, Bulgaria17 Adaptive rules–updating LM rules If the learner passes all control point’s tests for particular subject then the learner knows this subject – (7) If the learner passes particular control point’s test then she/ he knows learning objects contained in the selected control point path – (8)

18. TENCompetence Workshop - Stimulating Personal Development and Knowledge SharingOctober, 30-31, 2008, Sofia, Bulgaria18 Future works More precise formal model Evaluate and compare our formal model with others similar Implement adaptation mechanism from our formal model Artificial intellect in adaptive engine

19. TENCompetence Workshop - Stimulating Personal Development and Knowledge SharingOctober, 30-31, 2008, Sofia, Bulgaria19 Q & A Thank you for your attention Email : ddessy@gmail.comddessy@gmail.com Skype : ddessy