1. Science at the Time of Frankenstein By Dheyaaldin Alsalman, Cameron Barry, Michael Becker, Steven Hunt, Brittany Lince, Carlton Moe, Stephanie Nelson, Linh Nguyen, Nathaniel Voelkel

2. General Major Sciences In 1800s Theories in Chemistry such as molarity, and emission spectroscopy. Mechanical engineering which led to such inventions as the Bunsen burner, the lamp, and the locomotive engine. The application of electricity in physics.

3. Chemistry/ Alchemy Alchemy: An early pseudo-science, combining elements of chemistry, physics, astrology, art, semiotics, metallurgy, mysticism, and religion. Chemistry: A branch of the natural sciences dealing with the composition of substances and their properties and reactions.

4. Albertus Magnus (1206-1280) Writer and scientist Knowledge of science was considerable, but he taught as a master of theology. Broad studies: astronomy, botany, chemistry, mineralogy Influenced by Aristotle’s works Albertus Magnus College in 1925 

5. Paracelsus (1493-1541) Alchemist, physician, astrologer, and general occultist Sometimes called “father” of toxicology Believed astrology and magical medicine could cure human disease Invented the Alphabet of the Magi Representation of Mercury (right) and Mars (left, with Mars piercing Venus) 

6. Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa (1486-1535) German magician, writer, astrologer, and alchemist Devoted his time to the study of the occult and problematic theological questions Most famous work: The Books of Occult Philosophy, which he worked on for over 20 years After his death, rumors began to surface that he summoned demons Symbolic marks of philosophy magic 

7. Chemistry / Alchemy Conclusion Albertus Magnus, physical scientist. Dr. Frankenstein studies his work in chapter 2. Paracelsus, alchemist. Frankenstein also studies his work in chapter 2. Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa, occultist. Mentioned throughout early chapters that Frankenstein studied his works.

8. Engineering The generation and application of heat and mechanical power and the design, production, and use of machines and tools.

9. Jacques de Vaucanson (1709-1782) Engineer and inventor Created the world’s first true robots and automated loom First automation in 1737 – The Flute Player Same year created – The Tambourine Player and The Digesting Duck Interior of the Digesting Duck

10. Engineering Conclusion Jacques de Vaucanson, french engineer and inventor. Dabbled in replicating life through machines.

11. Electrical Science A branch of physics which studies the practical applications of electricity and electronics.

12. Luigi Galvani (1737-1798) Italian anatomist and physician Galvanism – stimulating muscle contraction through electric current Experimented with the electrocution of frogs Famous for making frog’s leg twitch Influence Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein Cartoon on galvanized corpse 

13. Alessandro Volta (1745-1827) Biologist and professor at University of Bologna Inspired by Galvani’s experiments 1800 – created the first modern battery – voltaic pile Electrical unit – volt – was named after him in honor of his invention Volta demonstrating his battery to Napoleon 

14. Humphry Davy (1778-1829) British Chemist and Physicist Influenced by Alessandro Volta Discovered chemical affinity, “laughing gas” (which he was addicted to), and chlorine. Created the Davy lamp for miners at the same time as George Stephenson and took all the credit Original Davy lamp 

15. Michael Faraday (1791 – 1867) English Chemist and Physicist Experimented with electricity and magnetism involving movement and attraction Founder of the magnetic field concept and the chemical substance, benzene Inventions led to the foundation of modern electric motor technology Electicity producing mechanism created by Faraday 

16. Nikola Tesla (1856 – 1943) Physicist AC current / electricity and magnetism Founder of X-ray, which impacted medicine significantly Highly respected as one of America’s greatest electrical engineers Similar study to Faraday Tesla’s AC motor 

17. Electrical Science Conclusion Luigi Galvani, anatomist. Most directly influenced the book with attempts to revive the dead through electricity. Alessandro Volta, biologist. Showed how to conduct electricity. Humphry Davy, chemist. Michael Faraday, chemist. Displayed a correlation between electricity and movement. Nikola Tesla, electrical scientist. Though he came after the book, his experiments are noteworthy, as most science is built off the foundation and framework of previous generations.

18. Conclusion Birth of science as a professional Numerous inventions and concepts evolved, such as the light bulb. Origin of the term “scientist” in 1833 by William Whewell Some scientists took influence from previous studies, i.e Darwin who published “The Origin of Species”

19. Credits Steven Hunt, Brittany LinceSpeakers Dheyaaldin AlsalmanTechnician Cameron Barry, Michael BeckerWriters Carlton Moe, Linh NguyenDesigners Stephanie Nelson, Nathaniel VoelkelVisuals

20. Works Cited Wikipedia.org www.renaissanceastrology.com/agrippa.html http://www.beyond-the- pale.org.uk/paracelsus.htm http://www.beyond-the- pale.org.uk/paracelsus.htm http://www.collegeprofiles.com/albertus.html http://www.todayinsci.com/cgi- bin/indexpage.pl?http://www.todayinsci.com/2/2_ 24.htm