1. Metaphysics: The Study of the Nature of Existence or Reality I Materialism: all reality is material/physical; only bodies in motion are real Eastern (Charvaka) materialism: since we can know only that which we experience by sense, only that which is sensible/physical can be understood as real. There are no spiritual realities and no afterlife.

2. Metaphysics: The Study of the Nature of Existence or Reality II Western materialism: only physical things are real, either as atoms in motion (Democritus) or moving bodies (Hobbes) – In principle, everything is completely predictable (Laplace): there is no real freedom or afterlife

3. Objections to Materialism Mental activity (e.g., consciousness) does not have physical properties (e.g., location). Even if mental activity is correlated with physical activity, that does not prove they are identical. Consciousness can be “of” or “about” things that don’t exist; physical objects lack such intentionality Sub-atomic particle physics shows how matter itself lacks physical properties