1. CS6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson Virtual Reality History

2. CS6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson First, some class stuff Paper critique on FridayPaper critique on Friday –Look on web page

3. CS6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson Today’s Goals Provide some historical context.Provide some historical context. Where did VR technology come from?Where did VR technology come from? What applications drove its development?What applications drove its development? Who are some luminaries in the field?Who are some luminaries in the field?

4. CS6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson Early History Remarkably, VR concepts predate computer graphics and modern VR (HMD, tracking, etc.) arose simultaneously with computer imagery.Remarkably, VR concepts predate computer graphics and modern VR (HMD, tracking, etc.) arose simultaneously with computer imagery.

5. CS6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson Early History Cont’d… PrehistoryPrehistory –Cave paintings –Some researchers believe that the images animate when shown with flickering torch light! 3000BC - Egyptians3000BC - Egyptians –First lenses 3000BC – Asian shadow play3000BC – Asian shadow play ~450BC – Mo Tzu~450BC – Mo Tzu –Pinhole projection onto screen ~300BC – Euclid~300BC – Euclid –Writes The Optics 200AD in China or200AD in China or 1515 – Da Vinci –Magic lantern projector? From http://www.precinemahistory.net

6. CS6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson Early History Cont’d… 1671 – Kircher1671 – Kircher –Magic lantern –A later example example 1674 – de Chales1674 – de Chales –Successive glass slides 1830s -Stroboscope1830s -Stroboscope 1838 – Wheatstone1838 – Wheatstone –Stereo viewer From http://www.precinemahistory.net

7. CS6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson Early History Cont’d… 1860s – zoetrope1860s – zoetrope 1879 –1879 – –Zoopraxiscope Painted images on discPainted images on disc MoviesMovies –1888 – first movie first moviefirst movie –1895: Skladanowsky – Bioscop –1895: Lumiere – Cinematographe –1896: Edison – Vitascope –1902 – special effects A Trip to the Moon A Trip to the Moon A Trip to the Moon A Trip to the Moon –start 8:38 From http://www.precinemahistory.net

8. CS6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson Early History Cont’d… 1916 – Pratt1916 – Pratt –Head-mounted periscope display and gun –Augmented reality precursor

9. CS6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson Early History Cont’d… 1929 – Link1929 – Link –Mechanical flight simulator

10. CS6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson Early History Cont’d… 1956 – Heilig1956 – Heilig –Sensorama http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSINEBZNCkshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSINEBZNCks –Multimodal display of a motorcycle ride through Brooklyn SightSight SoundSound SmellSmell VibrationVibration –1957 HMD patent

11. CS6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson Early History Cont’d… 1961 – Philco1961 – Philco –Telepresence with a HMD Remote cameraRemote camera –Magnetic head tracker –Single CRT

12. CS6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson Birth of Modern VR 1963 – Sutherland1963 – Sutherland –Interactive graphics –Sketchpad Sketchpad 19651965 – Ultimate display paper 19681968 –A Head-mounted Three- Dimensional Display 1970 – Krueger1970 – Krueger –Videoplace - movie movie 1974 – Jim Clark1974 – Jim Clark –Ph.D. on HMD’s

13. CS6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson The Next Wave 1980’s – Scott Fisher (NASA- Ames)1980’s – Scott Fisher (NASA- Ames) –VIEW project – –movies – start 2:05 movies 1980’s – Jaron Lanier1980’s – Jaron Lanier –“Virtual Reality” Tom FurnessTom Furness –Super cockpit

14. CS6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson More displays 90s - Fakespace boom90s - Fakespace boom –High resolution –ergonomic

15. CS6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson Force-feedback Interfaces Haptic Display Grope III © Fred Brooks, University of North Carolina The Force-Feedback Project, which began in 1967, first focused on the development of a system to support scientific visualization in the area of molecular docking, the Docker application. This application provides graphic (wire-frame) representations of molecules and their inter- atomic forces to allow a user to adjust the relative position and orientation of molecules while searching for minimum energy binding sites. A series of systems have been developed, evolving from a 2-D system, through a 3-D system and a 6-D system for a simple docking task, to a full 6-D molecular docking system called GROPE-III. These later systems have employed a modified Model E-3 Argonne Remote Manipulator (ARM).

16. CS6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson Gloves 1977 – Sayre1977 – Sayre –Light tube attenuation to measure bend 1981 – Grimes (Bell)1981 – Grimes (Bell) –Bend, tactile sensors 1984 – VPL1984 – VPL –VPL DataGlove 1993 Utah/MIT1993 Utah/MIT –Dextrous Hand Master (Hollerbach) Dextrous Hand Master, Exos

17. CS6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson CAVE displays 1992 – EVL1992 – EVL –Users in a projected room –CAVE movie CAVE movieCAVE movie

18. CS6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson CAVE displays CyberSphere (1998) The scientists Eyre and Eureka in VR-Systems UK have been researching a CyberSphere, a device, which consists of a large, translucent sphere containing the user. The images are distortion-corrected and then projected on the surface of the sphere, allowing the user a full 360 degree field of view. It also allows the user to move around in the world, by walking inside the ball, which will move in response to the users movements. Movie © VR-Systems, United Kingdom

19. CS6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson Companies 1984 – VPL1984 – VPL 1987 – Polhemus1987 – Polhemus 1989 – Division1989 – Division –Bought tech from UNC-CH 1989 – Mattel1989 – Mattel –Nintendo powerglove 1990 – W1990 – W –VR arcade

20. CS6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson Current Companies SensicsSensics IntersenseIntersense RaytheonRaytheon NintendoNintendo Track-IRTrack-IR

21. CS6360 – Virtual Reality David Johnson Summary Entertainment has often driven “immersive” advancesEntertainment has often driven “immersive” advances The dream of a VR space has a long historyThe dream of a VR space has a long history High-quality elements of VR are now consumer productsHigh-quality elements of VR are now consumer products