1. A Unique Collaboration Between Scientists and Educators Deborah Scherrer, Ray Mitchell, William Clark, Richard Styner, Philip Scherrer, Umran Inan, Morris Cohen, Justin Tan, Shannon Lee, Sharad Khanal, Scott Winegarden, Hao Thai, Paul Mortfield Stanford University and Local Schools Space Weather Monitors

2. 2 Motivations Funders (NSF/CISM) Research experience for teachers & students Long-term relationships between teacher interns & scientists More under-represented students into science Quantitative results Educators Experience with how scientists think & do Content knowledge Hands-on, real science, to take back to the classroom Build EXCITEMENT & enthusiasm for science amongst students Scientists Educators support their research Effective experience for teachers Tap expertize of teacher Minimize overhead of training & supervision

3. 3 Details Based on AAVSO & HAIL original concepts Redesigned by teachers & EE PhD students 2 versions: SID – inexpensive (~$250), for high schools AWESOME – research quality (~$3000), for community colleges and universities Preassembled, but students build their own antenna Data useful to students & researchers; centralized data repository & blog Access to Scientist Mentors

4. 4 Funding NSF – Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling (CISM) Development (both SID & AWESOME) NASA – MDI/SOHO, HMI/SDO, & separate grant Funding test placement of 100 monitors Funding distribution throughout world for IHY 2007

5. 5 IHY 2007 The United Nations and organizers of the International Heliophysical Year, 2007, have designated these Space Weather Monitors as official IHY instruments, to be placed in up to 192 countries around the world. Stanford alumni volunteers are translating our documents into the 6 official languages of the UN (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish) Funding from NASA grant (amount still unknown)

6. 6 Science Goals Understand the causes & effects solar activity has on the Earth, (eventually for prediction capabilities) (daytime data) Understand the electrodynamic coupling between the troposphere, mesosphere, and the lower ionosphere driven by lightning and thunderstorm systems (nighttime data ) Both SID & AWESOME data are being used by researchers & students

7. 7 Educational Goals Inspire & excite students in science by giving them hands-on access to “real” data Target underserved populations Spread the knowledge of our solar system and the exciting process of scientific exploration to students of the world.

8. 8 The Sun, ionosphere, and radio waves

9. 9 VLF Transmitters 200 ’ Towers Antenna Wires ~24 around the world “ NLK” 24.8 KHz Navy Radio Station, Jim Creek, WA 1 cycle = 7.5 miles (12 km) VLF signals can be received all over the world, because of the ionosphere! Primarily U.S. Navy stations for communicating with submarines

10. 10 Our Monitors SID Low Cost (~$250) Single band 1 sample/5 seconds Preassembled & tuned Students build antenna Available free to underserved schools AWESOME Moderate cost (~$3000) Broadband; sample rate of 100kHz on each channel Capture ELF/VLF frequencies ~30 Hz - 50kHz Dual use system: Daytime: monitor solar activity Nighttime: monitor atmospheric phenomena (e.g. lightning) So sensitive that nearly any signal above the ambient Earth noise floor can be detected Data useable for ionospheric and solar researchers

11. 11 Antennas (antennae?) AWESOME SID

12. 12 Detecting Solar Flares – SID(s) SID Events! Not all events are readily explainable – students can research these

13. 13 AWESOME Data

14. 14 Educational Materials Teacher Guide (developed here) Space Weather Workshop & materials (developed by Chabot Space & Science Center) Extensive SID Manual & tech manual Supportive IHY & space weather information

15. 15 Our Team Stanford Partners Philip Scherrer, Solar Observatories Group Umran Inan, Stanford EE Hao Thai, Solar Observatories Group Deborah Scherrer, Stanford Solar Center Todd Hoeksema, Solar Observatories Group Students Morris Cohen, Stanford EE Justin Tan, Stanford EE Shannon Lee, Chabot Community College Sharad Khanal, Stanford Physics Scott Winegarden, Mid Penninsula High School (now at UC Irvine) Mitch Patenaude, Cal State Hayward Sam Penrose, Cal State Hayward Kenny Oslund, Castro Valley High (now at CalTech) Sean Liu, now UC Berkeley Educators Ray Mitchell, Chief Engineer; Chabot Community College, Cal State Hayward William Clark, San Lorenzo High School Richard Styner, San Lorenzo High School Sean Fotrell, Castro Valley High School Tim Dave, Chabot Community College Chabot Space & Science Center Ben Burress NSF/CISM Partners Nick Gross, Boston U. Pat Reiff, Rice University Roberta Johnson, NCAR Marius Schamschula, Alabama A&M NASA Partners Emilie Drobnes, SDO EPO Lead Mark McCaffrey, U Colorado, EVE EPO Lead

16. 16 For more information on Space Weather Monitors http://sid.stanford.edu dscherrer@solar.stanford.edu