1. Welcome JCOMM Observations Coordination Group (OCG) Geneva, 23-25 April 2007 photo courtesy of MeteoFrance

2. JCOMM Observations Programme Area Observations Coordination Group (OCG) Geneva, 23-25 April 2007 Mike Johnson Observations Programme Area Coordinator photo courtesy of MeteoFrance

3. 2.1 Goals of the Meeting

4. Each programme brings its unique strengths and limitations. Together they are building a global ocean observing system. OCG-II focus on coordination and cross-cutting solutions to multiple- user requirements. OCG-II Satellite Remote Sensing Requirements Data Assimilation and Modeling Capacity Building DMPA SPA

5. OCG Terms of Reference Keep under review and advise on the effectiveness, coordination and operation of the observations work programme, including performance measured against scientific requirements, delivery of raw data, measurement standards, logistics and resources;Keep under review and advise on the effectiveness, coordination and operation of the observations work programme, including performance measured against scientific requirements, delivery of raw data, measurement standards, logistics and resources; Provide advice to JCOMM and to Observation Teams on possible solutions for newly identified requirements, consulting as appropriate with relevant scientific groups and CBS;Provide advice to JCOMM and to Observation Teams on possible solutions for newly identified requirements, consulting as appropriate with relevant scientific groups and CBS; Review in situ data requirements and recommend changes as appropriate, taking into account the continuing development of satellite observations and their capabilities;Review in situ data requirements and recommend changes as appropriate, taking into account the continuing development of satellite observations and their capabilities; Coordinate the development of standardized, high quality observing practices and instrumentation and prepare recommendations for JCOMM;Coordinate the development of standardized, high quality observing practices and instrumentation and prepare recommendations for JCOMM; With the concurrence of the co-presidents of JCOMM, establish and create Expert Teams, Task Teams, Pilot Projects and appoint Rapporteurs, as appropriate, to undertake the work of the Observations Programme Area;With the concurrence of the co-presidents of JCOMM, establish and create Expert Teams, Task Teams, Pilot Projects and appoint Rapporteurs, as appropriate, to undertake the work of the Observations Programme Area; Examine trade-offs and use of new and improved techniques/developments against requirements and available resources;Examine trade-offs and use of new and improved techniques/developments against requirements and available resources; Liaise with and input to CBS activities regarding the consolidated requirements database and operational satellites;Liaise with and input to CBS activities regarding the consolidated requirements database and operational satellites; Identify capacity building requirements related to the Programme Area.Identify capacity building requirements related to the Programme Area. Identify satellite remote sensing requirements in the meteorological and ocean domains related to the Programme Area.Identify satellite remote sensing requirements in the meteorological and ocean domains related to the Programme Area.

6. Observations Programme Area Implement the ocean domain of GCOS-92: JCOMM is identified as the implementing agent for 21 specific actions. The Plan is in place GCOS-92: Initial GOOS GEOSS Ocean Baseline UNFCCC Priority G8 Commitment Tsunami IPY Regional GOOS

7. Tide gauge stations Surface Drifting Buoys Tropical Moored Buoys Profiling Floats Ships of Opportunity Ocean Reference Stations Ocean Carbon Networks Arctic Observing System Dedicated Ship Support Data & Assimilation Subsystems Management and Product Delivery Satellites -- SST, Surface Topography, Wind, Color, Sea Ice GCOS-92 Implementation Targets are designed for climate but also serve global weather prediction, global and coastal ocean prediction, marine transportation, marine hazards warning, marine environmental monitoring, naval applications, and many other non-climate users. 8 of 9 GEOSS Societal Benefits

8. 57% Total in situ networks January 200757% 100% 42% 81% 43% 66% 48%21% 81% Initial Global Ocean Observing System for Climate Status against the GCOS Implementation Plan and JCOMM targets A total of 5635 platforms are maintained globally.

9. 7991106 126148 170 807671779787 975 1250 77 79 838691 97104115 119 26 27 39 4449 51 923 1572 2300 3000 4142 495460 78 89 9 1517 2023 28 31 3034 4045 4855 60 66 77 88 99 51 56 67 67 69 23 24 20 31 544 15 29 35 37 0 0 1 4 60 108112 150 180 200 0 Tide Gauge Stations Surface Drifting Buoys Tropical Moored Buoys VOS Clim Ships Argo Floats Reference Stations Ocean Carbon Network Ships of Opportunity 2000 20012002 2003200420062005200720082009 2010 Multi-year Phased Implementation Plan (International targets presented at JCOMM-II -- representative milestones) Real-time Stations, Initial GCOS Subset High resolution & frequently repeated lines occupied Number of floats Number of moorings Number of buoys Repeat Sections Completed, One inventory per 10 years System % Complete Observatories, flux, and ocean transport stations Number of ships recruited Total System 2000 2001200220032004200620052007200820092010 JCOMM-I JCOMM-II Initial Ocean Observing System Milestones 57

10. Goals of the Meeting -- OCG-II Meeting focus on system-wide requirements and coordinated, system-wide solutions.Meeting focus on system-wide requirements and coordinated, system-wide solutions. Status of JCOMM component programmes: DBCP (inc TIP), SOT, GLOSS, and the JCOMM affiliated programmes Argo, OceanSITES, IOOCP.Status of JCOMM component programmes: DBCP (inc TIP), SOT, GLOSS, and the JCOMM affiliated programmes Argo, OceanSITES, IOOCP. User requirementsUser requirements –GOOS/GOOS implementation from OOPC –NWP –Services PA – Global operational oceanography

11. JCOMM and the Tsunami systemsJCOMM and the Tsunami systems IPY – Legacy observing networks in Antarctic and ArcticIPY – Legacy observing networks in Antarctic and Arctic JCOMMOPS and expanded JCOMMOPS-CJCOMMOPS and expanded JCOMMOPS-C Work plan and other action items for the OCGWork plan and other action items for the OCG –Review of JCOMMOPS for JCOMM-III –Draft OPA implementation plan Resources to meet implementation targetsResources to meet implementation targets Goals of the Meeting (Continued)

12. Cross-cutting issuesCross-cutting issues –Data dissemination, management and QC –Standards and best practices references –Capacity building –WMO Information System (WIS) –WMO Integrated Global Observing System (WIGOS) –Satellite data requirements and satellite systems –Satellite telecommunications –Relationship of JCOMM to GOOS Regional Alliances Goals of the Meeting (Continued)

13. Progress and Challenges

14. 20032005 Systems Approach to Standard Mapping and Reporting Standard Baser Map: Equidistant Cylindrical Projection, 90N to 90S, broken at 30 E OCG-IOCG-II

15. Surface Drifting Buoys 1250 sustained array (achieved) Issues: Global deployment strategy with Argo, SOT, IOCCP,OceanSITES. Iridium pilot project. Users workshop: Implement hourly reporting Need barometers on all drifters (presently 407)

16. TAO/TRITON sustained PIRATA Extensions implemented Indian Ocean Array getting started Tropical Moored Buoys Issues: Tropical Ocean Reference Stations with OceanSITES Deployment coordination with Tsunameters stations. Platforms for IOCCP.

17. 2851 active floats -- will reach 3000 by mid-2007 Argo Profiling Float Array Issues: Global deployment strategy with DBCP SOT, IOCCP,OceanSITES. Iridium pilot project. Cal/val with IOCCP and SOT/SOOP.

18. GCOS Climate Reference Network of Tide Gauge Stations Issues: Real-time reporting for Marine Hazards warning (tsunami). Implement standard CREX with DMP. GEO-located

19. Deploying and maintaining 89 Ocean Reference Stations (42 now in service) Issues: Ocean Reference Stations on GTS Withhold from assimilation schemes Real-time observing system monitoring Broad use of real time data OceanSITES -- DBCP Action Group or JCOMM affiliated implementation panel Iridium pilot project with DBCP Deployment coordination with tsunameter Stations. Platforms for IOCCP.

20. Sites where Tsunami and Climate plans overlap -- potential for coordination Sites where Climate missions already deploy tsunami buoys routinely Integrating tsunami buoys into GOOS (JCOMM DBCP and OceanSITES) Chilean Tsunami Buoy being deployed during a U.S. Climate mission Met sensors installed by USA on the Chilean tsunami buoy: October 2006 Issue: DBCP to invite the Intergovernmental Tsunameter Coordination Group to become an Action Group

21. AX07 AX03 AX20 AX22 IX01 IX12 IX22 IX28 PX05 PX08 PX09 PX10 PX13 PX17 PX18 PX30 PX31 PX34 PX37 PX38 PX40 PX50 AX08 AX18 AX25 AX29 AX34 IX06 IX08 IX15 PX02 PX04 PX11 IX21 PX21 PX36 PX81 AX15 AX10 AX11 IX07 IX09S PX44 PX06 IX10 Note : AX08 is Under sampled in FRX Mode 41 of 51 UOT XBT lines now occupied 910 VOS reporting at least 25 obs/month Issues: SOT fleet is the backbone for deployment of the drifting arrays. Platforms for IOCCP.

22. 38% complete Measuring Ocean Carbon Sources and Sinks 1. Inventory 10-year survey 2. Ships of opportunity Network design underway 3. Moored buoy time series Issues: Cal/Val for Argo. DBCP,SOT, OceanSITES -- platforms for IOCCP. Sub-Argo ocean measurement system.

23. IPY -- legacy (sustained) networks Issues: DBCP, SOT, GLOSS, OceanSITES, Argo, IOCCP.

24. The Future Observing Programme Support Center 5635 Platforms 68 Counties v This system will not operate itself. System = programme coordination + full-time technical coordination

25. 2.2 Component Reports and Issues

26. 4.1 Integrated Performance Metrics

27. JCOMMOPS Product Delivery

28. Ship observations not shown Percent of 5x5 Boxes with 25 Observations per Week Drifting Buoys Moored Buoys Ships Total Goal: 100% Global Coverage 100 80 60 40 20 0 Requirement: All boxes blue Drifting Buoys + Moored Buoys + Weighted Ship Observations Requirement: 0.2°C - 0.5°C accuracy; 500km horizontal resolution; 25 samples per week (GOOS/GCOS, 1999) Performance Measure: Reduce the error in global measurement of Sea Surface Temperature Metric: Potential satellite bias error (degrees Celsius) Observing System Status: 2006, Q4. Error in Global Measurement of Sea Surface Temperature

29. BATHY (mostly XBTs) TESAC (mostly Argo floats) TRACKOB (surface underway data) BUOY (moored and drifting) Observing System Status: 2006, Q4 Temperature Profiles Goal: 100% Global Coverage Requirement: All boxes blue Sampling requirements: 1 profile Every 10 days In every 3 x 3 º

30. BATHY (mostly XBTs) TESAC (mostly Argo floats) TRACKOB (surface underway data) BUOY (moored and drifting) Observing System Status: 2006, Q4 Salinity Profiles Goal: 100% Global Coverage Requirement: All boxes blue Sampling requirements: 1 profile Every 10 days In every 3 x 3 º

31. BATHY (mostly XBTs) TESAC (mostly Argo floats) TRACKOB (surface underway data) BUOY (moored and drifting) Observing System Status: 2006, Q4 Sea Surface Salinity Goal: 100% Global Coverage Requirement: All boxes blue Sampling requirements: 1 observation Every 10 days In every 2 x 2 º

33. Sort by: Platform type Variables being sampled Time frame Contributing Country Drill down for platform metadata and real-time data. Observing System Monitoring Center Near-real-time tool for system statistics and data (Data from GTS. Some web sources by May 2007)

34. Designed especially for reporting contributions by Countries. Example: Australia had 141 Platforms reporting during the past month

35. Issue (possible future capability): SPA graphic entry point for met-ocean services. Graphic entry point for port met offices and National contacts. Issue (possible future capability): SPA graphic entry point for met-ocean services. Graphic entry point for port met offices and National contacts. Services

36. Test Version 2.00 beta: www.jcommops.org/network_status Test Version 2.00 beta: www.jcommops.org/network_status By May 1: OceanSITES from spread sheet. - Need GTS for real-time display. Tide gauges from UHSLC real-time system. Rubber banding for regional display. By May 1: OceanSITES from spread sheet. - Need GTS for real-time display. Tide gauges from UHSLC real-time system. Rubber banding for regional display.

37. 4.8 Crosscutting Issues

38. OceanSITES -- DBCP Action Group and/or JCOMM affiliated implementation panelOceanSITES -- DBCP Action Group and/or JCOMM affiliated implementation panel DBCP invite the International Tsunameter Coordination Group to become an Action Group.DBCP invite the International Tsunameter Coordination Group to become an Action Group. OceanSITES real-time data on the GTS:OceanSITES real-time data on the GTS: –Issues: 1) withholding validation data from assimilation schemes; 2) broad use of real-time data; 3) observing system monitoring, e.g., OSMC –Options: 1) data flag; 2) bulletin header: 3) list of WMO IDs provided to users JCOMM as partner in GOOS Regional Alliances; e.g., Arctic GOOSJCOMM as partner in GOOS Regional Alliances; e.g., Arctic GOOS GLOSS needs:GLOSS needs: –A system monitoring activity. –Regional traveling technician support (beyond the Australia and UHSLC programs). Argo needs:Argo needs: –Sustained funding –Ship deployment opportunities –Coordination of hydrography programs 4.8 Crosscutting Issues

39. OceanSITES needs: –Reliability, calibration, inter-calibration of sensors. –Sensor-to-sensor-to-DCP communication protocols. –Satellite communications telemetry -- JTA including Argos and others? –Data from all systems, availability through a single service portal. –Sustained support. –Should JCOMM send representatives at science meetings? IOCCP needs:IOCCP needs: –Single data information portal. –Tracking/coordinating repeat non-carbon hydrography obs (e.g. Tropical Moored Buoy deployments). –Observation support center. OOPC needs:OOPC needs: –Continued pressure to meet implementation targets. –Observing system support center. –Surface salinity pilot project. 4.8 Crosscutting Issues (Continued)

40. 5. JCOMMOPS

41. - Looking to the Future - JCOMM Observing Platform Support Center (JCOMMOPS) (presently supporting DBCP, SOT, Argo) Roundtable, May 2006: representatives from the OCG, DBCP,SOT, GLOSS, Argo, OceanSITES, IOCCP, POGORoundtable, May 2006: representatives from the OCG, DBCP,SOT, GLOSS, Argo, OceanSITES, IOCCP, POGO –Agreed value and mutual benefit in evolving toward a Global Observing Program Support Center. –Estimate seven personnel needed versus the present two working at JCOMMOPS. –Shared benefit, shared responsibility: the Systems benefiting should pay in proportion to their demand for JCOMMOPS services. –Consider possible relocation of JCOMMOPS to a national center that might be interested in hosting an international center, and furnish in-kind contributions and additional support.  JCOMM Management Committee (07 October, Geneva): OCG will develop requirements/specifications for future JCOMMOPS evolution and call for proposals -- April 2007. 5635 Platforms 68 Counties v

42. Focus on the technical requirements.Focus on the technical requirements. Provide enough management information for institutions to make an informed decision to propose, but don’t try to specify all details.Provide enough management information for institutions to make an informed decision to propose, but don’t try to specify all details. –Management will be a subject of negotiation after proposals are received –JCOMMOPS is a special case dependent upon concurrence by WMOWMO IOCIOC JCOMM ManagementJCOMM Management DBCP and SOT donorsDBCP and SOT donors Argo donorsArgo donors IOCCP and other potential program donorsIOCCP and other potential program donors 5.0 Discussion Paper

43. 6.2 Strategic and Implementation Plan

44. Observations Programme Area Implement the ocean domain of GCOS-92: JCOMM is identified as the implementing agent for 21 specific actions. The Plan is in place GCOS-92: International GOOS GEOSS Ocean Baseline UNFCCC Priority G8 Commitment

45. 57% Total in situ networks January 200757% 100% 42% 81% 43% 66% 48%21% 81% Initial Global Ocean Observing System for Climate Status against the GCOS Implementation Plan and JCOMM targets A total of 5635 platforms are maintained globally.

46. 7991106 126148 170 807671779787 975 1250 77 79 838691 97104115 119 26 27 39 4449 51 923 1572 2300 3000 4142 495460 78 89 9 1517 2023 28 31 3034 4045 4855 60 66 77 88 99 51 56 67 67 69 23 24 20 31 544 15 29 35 37 0 0 1 4 60 108112 150 180 200 0 Tide Gauge Stations Surface Drifting Buoys Tropical Moored Buoys VOS Clim Ships Argo Floats Reference Stations Ocean Carbon Network Ships of Opportunity 2000 20012002 2003200420062005200720082009 2010 Multi-year Phased Implementation Plan (International targets presented at JCOMM-II -- representative milestones) Real-time Stations, Initial GCOS Subset High resolution & frequently repeated lines occupied Number of floats Number of moorings Number of buoys Repeat Sections Completed, One inventory per 10 years System % Complete Observatories, flux, and ocean transport stations Number of ships recruited Total System 2000 2001200220032004200620052007200820092010 JCOMM-I JCOMM-II Initial Ocean Observing System Milestones 57

47. Thank You photo courtesy of MeteoFrance